Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Frage 1
Frage
There are 99 brain injuries every day in NZ, affecting more kiwis than cancer.
Frage 2
Frage
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) can be an open/closed head injury, or mild TBI - a concussion.
Frage 3
Frage
Which of these is not a cause of TBI?
Antworten
-
Strokes and aneurysms
-
Infections (e.g. Meningitis)
-
Hypoxia (lack of oxygen to the brain)
-
Brain tumours
-
Neurotoxics (drugs, alcohol, pesticides, gases, solvents)
-
These are all causes of TBI
Frage 4
Frage
TBI effects are related to location. Match the lobe/area to the effects.
[blank_start]Frontal[blank_end] - Lack of focus, irritability, language difficulty
[blank_start]Parietal[blank_end] - Difficulty reading, spatial misperception
[blank_start]Occipital[blank_end] - Blind spots, blurred vision
[blank_start]Temporal[blank_end] - Short and long term memory issues
[blank_start]Cerebellum[blank_end] - Diffculty walking, slurred speech
[blank_start]Brainstem[blank_end] - changes in breath, difficulty swallowing
Antworten
-
Frontal
-
Parietal
-
Occipital
-
Temporal
-
Cerebellum
-
Brainstem
Frage 5
Frage
Primary Injury is due to a biochemical injury while secondary injury is due to mechanical injury.
Frage 6
Frage
Treatment principles
• Decrease morbidity/mortality
• Establish airway, maintain [blank_start]ventilation[blank_end]/circulation during resuscitation
• Maintain balance between [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] delivery and consumption
Frage 7
Frage
Reducing intra cranial pressure (ICP):
1. [blank_start]Osmotic[blank_end] agents (e.g. mannitol)
• Plasma [blank_start]expanding[blank_end] effects
• Osmotic concentration [blank_start]gradient[blank_end] across BBB
• Side effects: [blank_start]hypotension[blank_end] (diuresis), renal dysfunction
2. High dose [blank_start]barbiturates[blank_end] (medically induced coma)
• Decrease regional cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen ([blank_start]CMRO2[blank_end])
• Decrease lipid [blank_start]peroxidation[blank_end]
• Alter blood vessel [blank_start]tone[blank_end]
• Side effects: CV: hypotension due to [blank_start]peripheral[blank_end] vasodilation
Antworten
-
Osmotic
-
expanding
-
gradient
-
hypotension
-
barbiturates
-
CMRO2
-
peroxidation
-
tone
-
peripheral