The Cytoskeleton

Beschreibung

Cell Biology and Signalling Quiz am The Cytoskeleton, erstellt von Charlotte Jakes am 01/11/2019.
Charlotte Jakes
Quiz von Charlotte Jakes, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Charlotte Jakes
Erstellt von Charlotte Jakes vor etwa 5 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
What is the monomer unit of actin microfilaments?
Antworten
  • G-actin
  • F-actin
  • M-actin
  • Actin 1

Frage 2

Frage
What facilitates the polymerisation of G-actin to F-actin?
Antworten
  • ATP hydrolysis
  • GTP hydrolysis
  • Phosphorylation by protein kinase
  • Actin polymerase enzyme

Frage 3

Frage
In what orientation are actin monomers composed in f-actin?
Antworten
  • Head to tail
  • Head to head
  • Tail to tail

Frage 4

Frage
Actin microfilaments are described as polar whereby monomers will be added to one end at a faster rate than the other
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 5

Frage
What are the functions of the actin microfilaments? Check all that apply
Antworten
  • Muscle contraction
  • Mechanical support e.g. in microvilli
  • Maintenance of cell shape
  • Cell movement
  • Movement of cargo within cell
  • Cilia formation

Frage 6

Frage
Non-muscle cells can contain actin and myosin networks. The interactions between filaments in these networks facilitates process within cells such as cytokinesis.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 7

Frage
Lamellipodia are extensions of the cytoplasm containing [blank_start]actin[blank_end] networks. They are generated by the rapid growth of actin filaments at the pole closest to the [blank_start]membrane[blank_end]. This produces [blank_start]force[blank_end] which causes the cytoplasm to protrude outwards. The tip of each lamellipodium interacts with the ECM via [blank_start]integrin[blank_end] protein. [blank_start]Myosin[blank_end] filaments within the cell faciliate contraction that aids movement.
Antworten
  • actin
  • membrane
  • force
  • integrin
  • Myosin

Frage 8

Frage
The structure of intermediate filaments is dynamic.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 9

Frage
Intermediate filament monomers join in pairs to form helical [blank_start]dimers[blank_end] twisted around one another. Then, two dimers combine to form a [blank_start]tetramer[blank_end]. Tetramers then link in a [blank_start]staggered[blank_end] formation longitudinally to form a bundle of monomers forming the filament.
Antworten
  • dimers
  • tetramer
  • staggered

Frage 10

Frage
Tubulin monomers are heterodimers of a-tubulin and B-tubulin
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 11

Frage
What facilitates the depolymerisation of microtubules to tubulin monomers?
Antworten
  • GTP hydrolysis
  • ATP hydrolysis
  • Phosphorylation
  • Methylation
  • Tubulin hydrolase

Frage 12

Frage
Microtubules are dynamic structures whereby the positive end refers to where construction occurs more rapidly than destruction
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 13

Frage
What are the functions of the microtubules? Check all that apply
Antworten
  • Resit compression
  • Spindle formation
  • Form cilia and flagella
  • Organise organelles
  • Movement of cargo within cell
  • Whole-cell movement

Frage 14

Frage
What is a microtubule organisation centre (MTOC)?
Antworten
  • A structure from which microtubules extend
  • A protein which organises microtubule polymerisation
  • A protein which gathers protofilaments at their centres to bundle them into microtubules

Frage 15

Frage
The centrosome is a type of Microtubule Organisation Centre. A centrosome contains a pair of [blank_start]centrioles[blank_end]. A centriole consists of stable fused [blank_start]microtubules[blank_end]. Centrosomes form at the [blank_start]poles[blank_end] of cells. [blank_start]Aster[blank_end] microtubules attach the centrosome to the [blank_start]cell membrane[blank_end].
Antworten
  • centrioles
  • microtubules
  • poles
  • Aster
  • cell membrane

Frage 16

Frage
What is the name given to the protein that develops around the centromere of each chromosome to which spindle fibres attach?
Antworten
  • Kinetochore
  • Kinetosome
  • Kinetoprotein

Frage 17

Frage
Which protein associated with microtubules moves towards the positive end of the microtubule at the cell periphery?
Antworten
  • Kinesin
  • Dynein

Frage 18

Frage
Which protein associated with microtubules moves towards the negative end of the microtubule at the nucleus?
Antworten
  • Kinesin
  • Dynein

Frage 19

Frage
When proteins move cargo throughout the cell, they do so via the [blank_start]microtubules[blank_end] of the cytoskeleton. These proteins are composed of double [blank_start]helices[blank_end] which allow roation. Each 'head' can attach to the microtubule when bound to [blank_start]ATP[blank_end]. When ATP is hydrolysed, there is a [blank_start]power stroke[blank_end] where the angle of the head changes and the cargo moves along the microtubule. Then, the second head binds and the process repeats.
Antworten
  • microtubules
  • helices
  • ATP
  • power stroke

Frage 20

Frage
What is the structure of a cilium?
Antworten
  • Ring of 9 microtubule doublets with a single microtubule doublet in the centre
  • Ring of 8 microtubule doublets with 2 microtubule doublets in the centre
  • Ring of 9 microtubule doublets
  • Ring of 9 microtubule triplets

Frage 21

Frage
What is the name given to the structure of the MTOC found near the cell membrane that provides a template for cilia assembly?
Antworten
  • Basal body
  • Basal centromere
  • Kinetic body
  • Kinetochore

Frage 22

Frage
All cells have a single primary cilium. This cilium is not [blank_start]motile[blank_end] and is thought to [blank_start]conduct[blank_end] cell signalling pathways. It must be [blank_start]disassembled[blank_end] before mitosis can occur.
Antworten
  • motile
  • conduct
  • disassembled

Frage 23

Frage
Which cell junctions form junctions between cells connected to the cytoskeleton?
Antworten
  • Desmosomes
  • Gap junctions
  • Hemidesmosomes
  • Focal adhesions
  • Tight junctions
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