Poultry Production and Welfare

Types of Chickens Broilers = [blank_start]Meat[blank_end] Laying = [blank_start]Eggs[blank_end] Breeding = [blank_start]Replace[blank_end]

NZ Poultry Health Only Country free from 3 fatal poultry diseases: 1. [blank_start]Infectious Bursal Disease[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Avian Infuenza[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Newcastle Disease[blank_end]

Broiler Chickens [blank_start]Vertical[blank_end] integration = each company has control over [blank_start]all stages of the production process[blank_end] Meat = [blank_start]domestic market focus[blank_end] Trends: - [blank_start]70%[blank_end] sold fresh - [blank_start]30%[blank_end] sold frozen - [blank_start]35%[blank_end] sold as whole birds - [blank_start]65%[blank_end] sold as cuts, fillets, and value added products Key stages of production: - poultry breeding organisation produces [blank_start]nucleus breeding stock[blank_end] - breeding farms are [blank_start]company owned[blank_end] - feed mills owned and operated by [blank_start]processing companies[blank_end] - hatcheries - broilers grow out farm [blank_start]company owned OR contract farmers[blank_end] - processing [blank_start]plant[blank_end] and [blank_start]marketing[blank_end]

Table Egg Industry [blank_start]Horizontal[blank_end] Integration = [blank_start]individual farmers[blank_end] buying chicks from [blank_start]commercial[blank_end] hatcheries and buying feed from [blank_start]commercial feed compounds[blank_end]. Marketing is done [blank_start]individually[blank_end] or under a [blank_start]common brand.[blank_end] [blank_start]1/3[blank_end] of industry operated by vertical integration Systems: - [blank_start]conventional caged[blank_end] (50%) - [blank_start]furnished colony[blank_end] cage - [blank_start]barn[blank_end] - [blank_start]free range[blank_end]

Processing of Eggs NZ consumption = [blank_start]240[blank_end] eggs per capita per annum Approx. [blank_start]20%[blank_end] of egg production goes to further processing Uses: - [blank_start]foaming[blank_end] ability - [blank_start]emulsification[blank_end] - [blank_start]Colour[blank_end] and [blank_start]Aroma[blank_end]

Welfare Issues [blank_start]Layers cage housing[blank_end] [blank_start]Beak Trimming[blank_end] [blank_start]Forced Moulting[blank_end]

Layers Welfare Issues Egg a day production: - [blank_start]osteoporosis[blank_end] - predisposed to [blank_start]broken bones[blank_end] - [blank_start]musculoskeletal[blank_end] problems - [blank_start]aggression/cannibalism[blank_end] in large flocks - [blank_start]feather pecking[blank_end] - [blank_start]spent and male chickens[blank_end] are killed

Broilers Welfare Issues - [blank_start]Lameness[blank_end] - [blank_start]Dermatitis[blank_end] in feet and hocks - [blank_start]Pulmonary hypertension[blank_end] syndrome - [blank_start]Sudden[blank_end] death - Caught by [blank_start]hand or machine[blank_end] - [blank_start]Transport[blank_end] - [blank_start]Slaughter[blank_end]

Colony Cages

Battery Cages

Barns