Frage 1
Antworten
-
requires Ca2+
-
is promoted by erythrocytes
-
defects usually shorten the bleeding time
-
is initiated by tissue tromboplastin in the intrinsic coagulation pathway
-
is decreased by platelets
Frage 2
Frage 3
Antworten
-
measure 15mm in diameter
-
do not contain mitochondria
-
have a life span in circulation of 30 days
-
are released from the bone marrow as mature cells
-
contain nucleus
Frage 4
Frage
the following is true about the ABO and Rh systems
Antworten
-
a person of group O is a universal recipient
-
a person who is group AB has anti-A and anti-B antibodies
-
the presence of D antigen means that the subject is Rh (+)
-
Rh antibodies occur naturally
-
the person of group A has anti-A antibodies
Frage 5
Frage
which of the following helps in blood clotting
Antworten
-
vit B1
-
vit B2
-
vit D
-
vit K
-
vit B6
Frage 6
Frage
the function of haemoglobin is
Antworten
-
transport of oxygen
-
destruction of bacteria
-
prevention of anaemia
-
utilisation of energy
-
transport of CO
Frage 7
Frage
which of the following substances is an anticoagulant
Antworten
-
Ca 2+
-
heparin
-
fibrinogen
-
albumin
-
gama-globulins
Frage 8
Frage
what are the agglutinins
Antworten
-
antibodies
-
antigens
-
beta-globulins
-
amino acids
-
lipids
Frage 9
Frage
which of the following substances influences indirectly blood clotting
Antworten
-
calcium ions
-
vit K
-
vit B6
-
mineralocorticoids
-
renin
Frage 10
Frage
for which of the following cells phagocytosis is not typical
Antworten
-
neutrophils
-
plasmocytes
-
monocytes
-
eosinophils
-
macrophages
Frage 11
Frage
normal (physiological) hemolysis takes place
Frage 12
Frage
which of the following are functions of the blood
Antworten
-
transport
-
regulation
-
protection
-
temperature regulations
-
all of the above
Frage 13
Frage
the blood volume of an average size male is
Frage 14
Frage
the blood volume is
Antworten
-
10-12 % body weight
-
10L
-
6-8% body weight
-
5L
-
3-5% body weight
Frage 15
Frage
the effects on plasma volume of 500ml blood loss are neutralised within
Antworten
-
1-2 hours
-
8-10 hours
-
24 hours
-
one week
-
one month
Frage 16
Frage
antithrombin III affects which coagulation factor
Antworten
-
XIIa
-
Xa
-
IIa
-
IXa
-
all of the above
Frage 17
Frage
vitamin K neutralizes
Antworten
-
factor 5
-
heparin
-
antithrombin 3
-
plasminogen
-
none of the above
Frage 18
Frage
platelet activation will not occur without
Antworten
-
Ca2+
-
vessel wall damage
-
von Willebrand factor
-
fibrinogen
-
serotonin
Frage 19
Frage
hematocrit of 0.45 means that in the sample of blood analysed
Antworten
-
0.45% Hb is in the plasma
-
0.45% of total blood volume is made up of plasma
-
0.45% of Hb is in the RBC
-
0.45% of the total blood volume is made up of RBCs and WBCs
-
0.45% of blood volume is made of Tr
Frage 20
Frage
which of the following statements concerning the monocyte is incorrect
Antworten
-
more common in blood than eosinophils and basophils
-
produced in the adult by the bone marrow and lymph nodes
-
unlike neutrophil does not accumulate outside circulation in area of inflammation
-
not classified as a granulocyte
-
2-8% of differential blood count
Frage 21
Frage
hemoglobin contains
Antworten
-
one protoporphyrin ring and four ferrous ions
-
four protoporphyrin ring and one ferrous ions
-
four protoporphyrin rings and four ferrous ions
-
one protoprophyrin ring and one ferrous ion
-
none of the above
Frage 22
Frage
which blood component plays the biggest role in maintaining the osmotic pressure of blood
Antworten
-
albumin
-
carbon dioxide
-
white blood cells
-
fibrinogen
-
globulins
Frage 23
Frage
in a normal blood sample, which of the following cells will be the most abundant
Antworten
-
neutrophils
-
basophils
-
eosinophils
-
monocytes
-
lymphocytes
Frage 24
Antworten
-
a chemical messenger that is released by virus infected cells
-
a lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated immunity
-
something that coats the inside of lungs, causing infection
-
a protein or other molecule that is recognised as non-self
-
a thick yellow-white fluid
Frage 25
Frage
where is the site of maturation for a B cell
Antworten
-
thymus
-
bone marrow
-
pancreas
-
cortex
-
spleen
Frage 26
Frage
nonspecific resistance is
Antworten
-
the bodys ability to ward off diseases
-
the bodys defenses against any kind of pathogen
-
the bodys defense against a particular pathogen
-
the lack of resistance
-
non of the above
Frage 27
Frage
which gland shrinks in size during adulthood, and has hormones that function in the maturation of T lymphocytes
Antworten
-
lymph nodes
-
thymus
-
spleen
-
pineal gland
-
tonsils
Frage 28
Frage
the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation is increased when
Antworten
-
the plasma albumin fraction is increased
-
fibrinogen in the blood is decreased
-
the plasma globulin fraction is decreased
-
the plasma globulin fraction is increased
-
lack of erythropoietin
Frage 29
Frage
agglutinins are found in
Antworten
-
the erythrocyte membrane
-
the leukocytes
-
the plasma
-
the platelets
-
all of the above
Frage 30
Frage
gamma- globulins are related to
Frage 31
Frage
oxyhaemoglobin is a compound of
Antworten
-
hemoglobin and O2
-
hemoglobin and CO2
-
hemoglobin and Fe2+
-
hemoglobin and CO
-
hemoglobin and N
Frage 32
Frage
the amount of plasma proteins is
Antworten
-
135-145mmol/l
-
140-160g/l
-
50-83 g/l
-
2.8-5.6 mmol/l
-
0.4-0.5 l/l
Frage 33
Frage
the plasma of blood type AB contains
Frage 34
Frage
osmotic hemolysisis due to
Antworten
-
water hypotonic solution entering the erythrocytes
-
destruction of the erythrocyte membrane by chemicals
-
fibrinolysis
-
formation of carbaminohemoglobin
-
transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin
Frage 35
Frage 36
Antworten
-
increased number of leukocytes
-
increased number of platelets
-
decreased number of leukocytes
-
increased number of erythrocytes
-
decreased number of platelets
Frage 37
Frage
when AB(0) blood is transfused to a recipient of blood type 0 (anti-A, anti-B)
Antworten
-
the limit of the blood transfused is up to 300ml
-
the transfused amount is unlimited
-
transfusion is forbidden
-
transfusion of plasma is the only possibility
-
possible only once in a lifetime
Frage 38
Frage
sodium citrate stops coagulation by
Antworten
-
blocking fibrinogen
-
reacting with Ca2+
-
massive fibrinolysis
-
destruction of platelets
-
blocking vit K
Frage 39
Frage
the normal RBC count in men is
Antworten
-
140-160.10/l
-
4.5-6.0.10/l
-
4-11.10/l
-
200-400.10/l
-
0.4-0.5/l
Frage 40
Antworten
-
increased number of leukocytes
-
increased number of platelet
-
decreased number of leukocytes
-
increased number of erythrocytes
-
increased percentage of neutrophils
Frage 41
Frage
platelets take part in
Frage 42
Frage
hemoglobin concentration in men is
Antworten
-
4-5.2.10/l
-
135-145mmol/l
-
160 +/- g/l
-
2.8-5.6 mmol/l
-
140-160g%
Frage 43
Frage
of major significance for maintaining the blood oncotic pressure is
Antworten
-
the number of erythrocytes
-
the plasma globulin fraction
-
the leukocyte count
-
the plasma albumin fraction
-
the plasma fibrinogen
Frage 44
Frage
the red colour of blood is due to
Antworten
-
the plasma cholesterol
-
the plasma albumin fraction
-
Ca2+ and K+ in plasma
-
the granules in the leukocytes
-
the hemoglobin in the erythrocytes
Frage 45
Frage
the normal blood platelet count is
Antworten
-
4-11.10/l
-
4.4-5.2.10/l
-
60-90.10/l
-
140-400.10/l
-
200-400.10/l
Frage 46
Antworten
-
formation of the white plug
-
formation of the red plug
-
fibrin clot destruction
-
viscose metamorphosis of the platelets
-
destruction of adrenal medulla
Frage 47
Frage
when blood transfused from 0 (anti-A and anti-B) donor to AB (0) recipient
Antworten
-
the amount is up to 500 ml
-
amount is unlimited
-
transfusion is impossible
-
only plasma may be transfused
-
only once in an lifetime
Frage 48
Frage
the osmotic fragility is determined by the use of
Frage 49
Frage 50
Frage
the plasma protein fraction of major significance for coagulation is
Antworten
-
albumin
-
globulin
-
fibrinogen
-
gamma-globulin
-
globulin and albumin
Frage 51
Frage
the ESR (westergren) reterence values are
Antworten
-
men up to 50 <15mm/h
-
140-160 g/l
-
women above 50-5-10mm.h
-
men above 50-3-8mm.h
-
0.4-0.5/l
Frage 52
Frage
of major significance for the erythrocyte sedminentation rate is
Frage 53
Frage
the normal leukocyte count is
Frage 54
Frage
Fe2+ ions are necessary for
Antworten
-
the production of fibrinogen
-
erythropoiesis
-
the formation of leukocytes
-
the formation of platelets
-
the synthesis of thyrecalcitonin
Frage 55
Frage
the percentage of Rh(+) people is
Antworten
-
15%
-
85%
-
50%
-
30%
-
15% of pregnant women
Frage 56
Frage
hematocrit reference range in women is
Antworten
-
140-160g.l
-
2.4-2.6mmol.l
-
0.55-1.48mmol.l
-
0.36-0.47 l.l
-
4.5-10.l
Frage 57
Frage
hematocrit measure the percentage of
Antworten
-
white blood cells volume
-
plasma volume
-
platelets volume
-
red blood cells volume
-
serum proteins volume
Frage 58
Frage
to prevent blood loss after a tissue injury, blood vessels first
Frage 59
Frage
a foreign substance, usually a protein, that stimulates the immune system to react by producing antibodies is called
Antworten
-
allergen
-
antigen
-
histamine
-
mast cell
-
interferon
Frage 60
Frage
when neutrophils and macrophages squeeze out of capillaries to fight off infection it is called
Antworten
-
phagocytosis
-
hemolysis
-
interleukins
-
diapedesis
-
folliculitis
Frage 61
Frage
each of the following is a components of plasma except
Antworten
-
water
-
proteins
-
formed elements
-
nutrients
-
salts
Frage 62
Frage
extracellular fluid in adults differs from intracellular fluid in that its
Frage 63
Frage
total body water, expressed as a percentage of body weight
Antworten
-
can be measured with an indicator dilution technique using deuterium oxide
-
is small on average in women than in men
-
rises following injection of posterior pituitary extracts
-
is less than 80% in young adults
-
all of the above
Frage 64
Frage
breakdown of erythrocytes in the body
Antworten
-
occurs when they are 6-8 weeks old
-
is named erythropoiesis
-
yields iron, most of which is excreted in the urine
-
yields bilirubin which is carried by plasma protein to the liver
-
is required for the synthesis of bile salts
Frage 65
Frage
a person with group A blood
Antworten
-
has anti-A antibody in the plasma
-
may have the genotype AB
-
may have a parent with group 0 blood
-
may have children with group A or group 0 blood only
-
whose partner is also A can only have children of group A
Frage 66
Frage
the spleen destroys
Antworten
-
macrophages
-
healthy RBC
-
neutrophils
-
damaged RBC
-
monocytes
Frage 67
Antworten
-
is a steroid pigment
-
is converted to biliverdin in the liver
-
does not normally cross cerebral capillary walls
-
is freely filtered in the renal glomerulus
-
has red colour
Frage 68
Antworten
-
originate from precursors in the lymph nodes
-
can increase in number when their parent cells are stimulated by factors released from activated lymphocytes
-
unlike granulocytes do not migrate across capillary walls
-
take part in haemostasis
-
manufacture immunoglobulin M
Frage 69
Antworten
-
are responsible for the major part of blood viscosity
-
contain the enzyme carbonic anhydrase
-
metabolize glucose to produce CO2 to H2O
-
carry O2 and CO2
-
all of the above
Frage 70
Frage
human plasma albumin
Antworten
-
contributes more to plasma colloid osmotic pressure than globulin
-
can not filter freely at the glomerulus
-
is negatively charged at the normal pH of blood
-
carries sex hormones in blood
-
all of the above
Frage 71
Frage
neutrophil granulocytes
Antworten
-
are the most common leukocyte in normal blood
-
contain proteolytic enzymes
-
contain actin and myosin microfilaments
-
are present in high concentration in pus
-
all of the above
Frage 72
Frage
bleeding from a small cut in the skin
Antworten
-
is normally diminished by local vascular spasm
-
ceases within about 5 minutes in normal people
-
is greater from warm skin than from cold skin
-
is reduced if the affected limb is elevated
-
all of the above
Frage 73
Frage
circulating red blood cells
Antworten
-
are about 1% nucleated
-
take part in immunity
-
are distributed evenly across the blood stream in large blood vessels
-
deform as they pass through the capillaries
-
travel at a slower velocity in venules than in capillaries
Frage 74
Antworten
-
are motile
-
can transform into plasma cells
-
increase in number during infection
-
decrease in number during immunosuppressive drug therapy
-
all of the above
Frage 75
Antworten
-
makes up about 3% of body weight
-
forms a higher percentage of body weight in fat than in thin people
-
squeezes out serum when it clots
-
volume can be calculated by multiplying plasma volume by the haematocrit (expressed as a percentage)
-
volume rises after diuretic is taken
Frage 76
Antworten
-
of arterial blood normally ranges from 7.2-7.6
-
units express [H+] in moles/litre
-
of blood is directly proportional to the pCO2
-
of blood is directly proportional to [HCO3]
-
of arterial blood is lower than venous blood
Frage 77
Antworten
-
have agranular cytoplasm
-
are about a quarter of all leukocytes
-
are relatively abundant in the mucosa of the respiratory, urinary and alimentary tracts
-
are 50-70% of all leukocytes
-
increase in number in viral infections
Frage 78
Antworten
-
doesnt contain plasma protiens
-
vessels are involved in the absorption of amino acids from the intestine
-
production decreases during muscular activity
-
does not normally contain cells
-
flow is aided by contraction of adjacent skeletal muscles
Frage 79
Antworten
-
are formed in bone marrow
-
are normally more numerous than white cells
-
increase in number after injury and surgery
-
alter shape when in contact with collagen
-
all of the above
Frage 80
Frage
an appropriate dilution indicator for measuring
Antworten
-
total body water is sucrose
-
plasma volume is radioactive sodium
-
extracellular fluid volume is inulin
-
intracellular fluid volume directly is heavy water
-
total body water is radioactive iodine
Frage 81
Frage
bleeding from a small cut in the skin
Antworten
-
is normally diminished by local vascular spasm
-
ceases within about five minutes in normal people
-
is greater from warm skin than form cold skin
-
is reduced if the affected limb is elevated
-
all of the above
Frage 82
Frage
circulating red blood cells
Antworten
-
are about 1% nucleated
-
take part in immunity
-
are distributed evenly across the blood stream in large blood vessels
-
deform as they pass through the capillaries
-
travel at slower velocity in venules than in capillaries
Frage 83
Antworten
-
are motile
-
can transform into plasma cells
-
increase in number during infection
-
decrease in number during immunosuppressive drug therapy
-
all of the above
Frage 84
Antworten
-
makes up about 3% of body weight
-
forms a higher percentage of body weigh in fat than in thin people
-
squeezes out serum when it clots
-
volume can be calculated by multiplying plasma volume by the haematocrit (expressed as a percentage)
-
volume rises after diuretic is taken
Frage 85
Antworten
-
of arterial blood normally ranges from 7.2-7.6
-
units express [H+] in moles/ litre
-
of blood is directly proportional to pCO2
-
of blood is directly proportional to [HCO3-]
-
of arterial blood is lower than venous blood
Frage 86
Antworten
-
have agranular cytoplasm
-
are about a quarter of all leukocytes
-
are relatively abundant in the mucosa of the respiratory, urinary and alimentary tracts
-
are 50-70% of all leukocytes
-
increase in number in viral infections
Frage 87
Antworten
-
doesnt contain plasma proteins
-
vessels are involved in the absorption of amino acids from the intestine
-
production decreases during muscular activity
-
does not normally contain cells
-
flow is aided by concentration of adjacent skeletal muscles
Frage 88
Antworten
-
are formed in the bone marrow
-
are normally more numerous than white cells
-
increase in number after injury and surgery
-
alter shape when in contact with collagen
-
all of the above
Frage 89
Frage
an appropriate dilution indicator for measuring
Antworten
-
total body water is sucrose
-
plasma volume is radioactive sodium
-
extracellular fluid volume is insulin
-
intracellular fluid volume directly is heavy water (deuterium oxide)
-
total body water is radioactive iodine
Frage 90
Frage
excessive tissue fluid (oedema) in the legs may
Antworten
-
be associated with a raised extracellular fluid volume
-
results from hepatic disease
-
result from blockage of pelvic lymphatics
-
increase local interstitial fluid pressure
-
all of the above
Frage 91
Frage
haemolytic disease of the newborn
Antworten
-
can be perverted by injecting the mother with antiD agglutinins just after delivery
-
affects mainly babies of Rh positive mothers
-
occurs mainly in babies who lack D agglutinogen
-
causes jaundice which clears rapidly after birth
-
can be treated by transfusing the affected baby with Rh positive blood
Frage 92
Frage
patients with moderate severe anaemia have a reduced
Antworten
-
cardiac output
-
incidence of vascular bruits
-
2:3 diphosphoglycerate blood level
-
arterial pO2
-
capacity to raise oxygen consumption in exercise
Frage 93
Antworten
-
frequently follows persistent loss of blood from the body
-
is more common in men than in women
-
may cause anaemia by inhibiting the rate of multiplications of RBC stem cells
-
may cause large pale erythrocytes to appear in peripheral blood
-
anaemia should normally be treated by injections of iron
Frage 94
Frage
severe reactions are likely after transfusion of blood gorups
Frage 95
Frage
the haematocrit (packed cell volume)
Antworten
-
may be obtained by centrifugation of blood
-
may be calculated by multiplying the mean cell volume by the red cell count
-
rises in a patient who sustains widespread burns
-
rises following vomiting
-
all of the above
Frage 96
Frage
red cell formation is increased
Antworten
-
in blood donors one week after a blood donation
-
in patients with a hemolytic anaemia
-
by giving injections of erythropoietin to nephrectomized patients
-
in patients who have a raised blood reticulocyte count
-
all of the above
Frage 97
Frage
hematocrit reference range in men is
Antworten
-
0.4-0.54l/l
-
2.4-2.6 mmol/l
-
0.55-1.48 mmol/l
-
140-160g/l
-
4.5-1012/l
Frage 98
Frage
red blood cells would swell in which type of solution
Antworten
-
hypotonic
-
isotonic
-
hypertonic
-
hydrophilic
-
lipophilic
Frage 99
Frage
the most abundant type of protein in plasma is
Antworten
-
insulin
-
globulin
-
albumin
-
glycogen
-
fibrinogen
Frage 100
Frage
the number of oxygen molecules carried by one Hb molecule
Frage 101
Frage
majority of clotting factors are produced in
Antworten
-
liver
-
kidney
-
heart
-
brain
-
muscle
Frage 102
Frage
cellular immunity is due to
Antworten
-
B lymphocytes
-
T lymphocytes
-
neutrophils
-
eosinophils
-
erythrocytes
Frage 103
Frage
action of plasmin is
Antworten
-
to remove calcium
-
antithrombin action
-
to stimulate heparin
-
to degenerate fibrin
-
to produce plug
Frage 104
Frage
which is the most rare blood group
Antworten
-
A (Rh+)
-
AB (Rh+)
-
AB (Rh-)
-
B (Rh-)
-
0 (Rh+)
Frage 105
Frage
the hemoglobin level in women is
Antworten
-
4-5.2x1012/l
-
135-145mmol/l
-
140 +- 20g/l
-
2.8-5.6 mmol/l
-
140-160 g%
Frage 106
Frage
the number of RBC in women is
Antworten
-
140-160.109/l
-
0.4-0.5.l
-
4-11.109.l
-
200-400.109.l
-
3.9-5.3.1012.l
Frage 107
Frage
the ESR (westergren) reference values are
Antworten
-
women above 50-5-10 mm.h
-
140-160 g.l
-
women up to 50: <20mm.h
-
men up to 50:3-8mm.h
-
0.4-0.5.l
Frage 108
Frage
carbhemoglobin is a compound of
Frage 109
Frage
in the WBC defferntial count the neutrophilic band cells are
Antworten
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Frage 110
Frage
in the WBC differential count the basophil granulocytes are
Antworten
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Frage 111
Frage
in the WBC defferential count the eosinophil granulocytes are
Antworten
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Frage 112
Frage
in the WBC defferential count the lymphocytes are
Antworten
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Frage 113
Frage
in the WBC differential count the monocytes are
Antworten
-
0-6%
-
0-2%
-
42-70%
-
22-48%
-
1-14%
Frage 114
Antworten
-
1-12ng.ml
-
2-5min
-
11-14s
-
2.0-4.5g.l
-
136-151mmol.l
Frage 115
Frage
which hormones reduced erythropoiesis
Antworten
-
androgens
-
growth hormones
-
glucocorticoids
-
estrogens
-
erythropoietin
Frage 116
Frage
erythropoiesis stimulating factors are
Antworten
-
erythropoietin
-
vitB12 and folic acid
-
iron
-
testosterone
-
all of the above
Frage 117
Frage
the valency of iron in the hem group is
Frage 118
Frage 119
Frage
the plasma of blood type A contains
Frage 120
Frage
the plasma of blood type B contains
Frage 121
Frage
the plasma of blood type 0 contains
Frage 122
Frage
the lymphatic system is one of the main pathways for the absorption of
Antworten
-
lipids
-
carbohydrates
-
proteins
-
water
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micronutrients