AS biology Unit 1-Atherosclerosis and the heart

Primarily used for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air we breathe and blood

To move substances around the body

To collect carbon dioxide waste materials and fluids for return to the veins.

They are smaller and so cannot have enough space for movement to take place

They only have one cell that is used to function their entire being

They have problems functioning properly

They are too large for diffusion to move substances around their bodies quickly enough

In closed systems: Simple heart pumps blood into the cavities but returns the blood back to the heart, and then to the body In open systems: The heart pumps blood around the body and substances diffuse between the organs and cells

In closed systems: blood is enclosed within tubes. the blood is forced along fairly narrow channels instead of flowing into large cavities In open systems: simple heart pumps blood out into cavities surrounding the animal’s organs. Substances can diffuse between the blood and cells. When the heart muscle relaxes, blood is drawn from the cavity back into the heart, through small valved openings along its length.

In closed systems: The blood flows in the body organs which uses enclosed tubes to send it back to the heart In open systems: The heart pumps the blood in cavaties and then blood is drawn from cavity back into the heart

The oxygen and food substances required for metabolic processes can be delivered more rapidly to cells in mammals and birds

There are extremely large numbers of capillaries which ensure oxygen is exchanged quicker

Longer time for the blood to circulate around their body

Organs diffuse substances quicker to the body , then the heart accepts quicker and then pump blood around.

To prevent the blood from flowing in the arteries

To prevent the entrance of waste in the blood

To ensure that blood flows only in one direction

To ensure that the heomoglobin in the blood has enough oxygen

Water

Blood

Lymph

Saliva

Urine

Hydrophobic

Hydrophilic

None of the above

Lipids have no ionic properties

Lipids are hydrophobic

Lipids are very soluble

Lipids have strong covalent bonds

A

B

C

D

E

Thick walls

Muscle

Collagen

Fibres

An artery has just passed over a bone close to the skin.

A valve has just closed

The vein that has passed over a bone close to the skin has just returned blood back to the heart

None of the above

Circumflex artery

Marginal artery

Mitral artery

Cardiac vein

Coronary artery

Pulmonary cycle

Heartbeat

Cardiac cycle

Pulse

Pulmonary veins and vena cava

Inferior vena cava and Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein and right ventricle

Just the vena cava

Ventricular systole

Ventricular diastole

Atrial systole

None of the above

Atrial systole, Diastole, Ventricular systole

Ventricular systole, Atrial systole, Ventricular Diastole, Atrial Diastole

Atrial systole, Atrial diastole, Ventricular systole, Ventricular diastole

Atrial systole, Ventricular systole, Diastole

Athletes foot and Heart attack

Gangrene and Tissue death

Swelling and skin redness

Chest pain and Scars

A diseased coronary artery

A healthy coronary artery

A platelet

A diseased pulmonary vein

They differentiate to form more platelets

The shrink and stick to each other to form a better a shape

They change shape

Release substances that activate to make more platelets

They grow longer in order to be able to reach and stick to the damaged cell

The direct contact of blood with collagen

Exercise

Eating

All of the above

None of the above

Fibrins

Platelets

Cells

Fibronogen

Fibrins

Platelets

Fiibronogens

Cells

Chemical changes when the muscle respires anaerobically

The burning of the heart muscle after damage to the cells due to high blood pressure in the arteries

Lack of blood supply to the brain

Dead cells occupying areas of heart tissue