Chapter 11

Beschreibung

Biochemistry
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 2

Frage
A key component of cartilage are molecules called
Antworten
  • glycosaminoglycans
  • glycans
  • glycogylcans
  • aminoglycans

Frage 3

Frage
The smallest monosaccharides are composed of [blank_start]three[blank_end] carbons
Antworten
  • three

Frage 4

Frage
glycosaminoglycans , large polymers made up of many repeats of dimers
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 5

Frage
Name six common monosaccharides
Antworten
  • D-Ribose
  • D-deoxyribose
  • D-oxy
  • D-glucose
  • D-mannose
  • D-galactose
  • D-lactose
  • D-fructose

Frage 6

Frage
Glucose is a reducing sugar
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 7

Frage
Glucose can react with hemoglobin, forming
Antworten
  • Monossacharides
  • Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c
  • Carbohydrates

Frage 8

Frage
Hemoglobin A1c allows one to
Antworten
  • monitor the long term control of blood glucose levels in diabetics
  • monitor the short term control of blood glucose levels in diabetics

Frage 9

Frage
Monossacharides are joined to [blank_start]alcohols[blank_end] and [blank_start]amines[blank_end] through [blank_start]glycosidic[blank_end] bonds
Antworten
  • alcohols
  • acids
  • amines
  • amino
  • glycosidic
  • glycogen

Frage 10

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What are key intermediates in energy generation and biosynthesis
Antworten
  • Phosphorylates sugars
  • Monossacharides
  • Carbohydrates

Frage 11

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Phosphorylation is
Antworten
  • a common modification of carbohydrates
  • a common modification of sugars
  • makes the sugars anionic and prevents them from leaving the cell
  • facilitates the metabolism of sugars

Frage 12

Frage
What contains two or more monosaccharies linked by O-glycosidic bonds
Antworten
  • Oligosaccharides
  • sucrose
  • lactose
  • disaccharides

Frage 13

Frage
What are common disaccharides
Antworten
  • Sucrose
  • lactose
  • maltose
  • glucose

Frage 14

Frage
Sucrose is obtained from sugar cane and sugar beets and is composed of
Antworten
  • of glucose linked to fructose
  • linked to a glucose by a β-1-4-linkage
  • a degradation product of large oligosaccharides

Frage 15

Frage
The linkage is α for glucose and β for fructose.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 16

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[blank_start]Sucrose[blank_end] is cleaved by sucrase
Antworten
  • Sucrose

Frage 17

Frage
Lactose is the disaccharide of milk that consists of
Antworten
  • a galactose linked to a glucose by a β-1-4-linkage
  • a degradation product of large oligosaccharides
  • the linkage is α for glucose

Frage 18

Frage
lactase cleaves [blank_start]lactose[blank_end]
Antworten
  • lactose

Frage 19

Frage
Maltose
Antworten
  • a degradation product of large oligosaccharides
  • disaccharidee
  • composed of 2 glucose molecules linked by an α-1-4-linkage.
  • disaccharide of milk

Frage 20

Frage
[blank_start]Maltose[blank_end] is hydrolyzed by maltase
Antworten
  • Maltose

Frage 21

Frage
polysaccharides are
Antworten
  • small polyermic oligosaccharides
  • large polymeric oligosaccharides
  • Disaccharides

Frage 22

Frage
If all of the monosaccharides in the polysaccharide are the same, the polysaccharide is called a [blank_start]homopolymer[blank_end]
Antworten
  • homopolymer
  • hyperpolymer

Frage 23

Frage
The polysaccharide glycogen is the storage form of glucose in plant cells
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 24

Frage
Most glucose units in glycogen are lined by
Antworten
  • α-1,4-glycosidic bonds
  • branches formed by α-1,6-glycosidic bonds every 10 glucose units
  • branches formed by α-1,6-glycosidic bonds every 15 glucose units
  • α-1,2-glycosidic bonds

Frage 25

Frage
In plants, glucose is stored as starch
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 26

Frage
Two forms of glucose are [blank_start]amylose[blank_end] and [blank_start]amylopectin[blank_end]
Antworten
  • amylose
  • amylopectin

Frage 27

Frage
Amylose is a
Antworten
  • linear polymer of glucose
  • branched polymer of glucose
  • linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
  • , with an α-1,6-glycosidic bond for every 30 α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Frage 28

Frage
Amylopectin is
Antworten
  • branched polymer of glucose
  • linear polymer of glucose
  • linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
  • with an α-1,6-glycosidic bond for every 30 α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Frage 29

Frage
cellulose is a structural component of plants made of chains of glucose
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 30

Frage
Mammals cannot digest cellulose and other plant fibers, soluble fibers, such as polygalacturonic acid, aid in digestion
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 31

Frage
Carbohydrates can be linked to proteins to form [blank_start]glycoproteins[blank_end]
Antworten
  • glycoproteins

Frage 32

Frage
Glycoproteins
Antworten
  • largest component by weight
  • Play variety of roles, including membrane proteins
  • Smallest component by weight

Frage 33

Frage
Erythropoietin
Antworten
  • glycoprotein
  • 40 percent carbohydrate by weight
  • secreted into the blood by the kidney to stimulate production of red blood cells
  • secreted into the blood by the kidney to stimulate production of white blood cells

Frage 34

Frage
glycosylation of erythropoietin enhances the stability of the protein in the blood
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 35

Frage
What are the three main classes of glycoproteins
Antworten
  • proteoglycans
  • Mucins
  • Mucoproteins
  • Amino proteins

Frage 36

Frage
Proteoglycans
Antworten
  • attached to a particular type of polysaccharide called glycosaminoglycan
  • By weight, mainly carbohydrate
  • By weight, mainly glucose
  • play structural roles
  • act as lubricants

Frage 37

Frage
Proteoglycans are proteins attached to glycosaminoglycans, which make up 95% of the proteoglycan by weight.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 38

Frage
Glycosaminoglycans are composed of
Antworten
  • repeating units of a disaccharide, one of which is a derivative of an amino sugar and one of which carries a negative charge, either as a carboxylate or sulfate.
  • repeating units of a monosaccharide, one of which is a derivative of an amino sugar and one of which carries a negative charge, either as a carboxylate or sulfate.
  • repeating units of a disaccharide, one of which is a derivative of an amino sugar and one of which carries a positive charge, either as a carboxylate or sulfate.

Frage 39

Frage
Proteoglycans are important components of cartilage
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 40

Frage
Cartilage is composed of the
Antworten
  • proteoglycan aggrecan and collagen
  • glycosaminoglycans
  • chitin

Frage 41

Frage
The glycosaminoglycan component of aggrecan cushions joints by releasing water on impact, and then rebinding water.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 42

Frage
Chitin
Antworten
  • glycosaminoglycan
  • found in exoskeleton of insects
  • one of the most abundant carbohydrates in the world
  • Mucins

Frage 43

Frage
Mucopolysaccharidoses, such as Hurler disease, are
Antworten
  • pathological conditions that result from the inability to degrade proteoglycans
  • pathological conditions that result from the inability to degrade glycosaminoglycan
  • pathological conditions that result from the inability to degrade glycogen

Frage 44

Frage
Mucins or mucoproteins like proteoglycans are predominately carbohydrate
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 45

Frage
Mucins or mucoproteins
Antworten
  • attach to the carbohydrate by N-acetylgalactosamine
  • Often lubricants
  • adhere to epithelial cells, acting a protective barrier
  • Non lubricants

Frage 46

Frage
Blood groups are based off what patterns
Antworten
  • protein glycosylation
  • Mucoproteins
  • Glycosaminoglycan

Frage 47

Frage
The human ABO blood groups reflect the specificity of
Antworten
  • glycosyltransferases
  • proteoglycans
  • glycosaminoglycan

Frage 48

Frage
All of the blood groups share the oligosaccharide foundation called A
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 49

Frage
In type A blood, N-acetylgalactosamine is
Antworten
  • added to the O by a specific glycosyltransferase.
  • added to the A by a specific glycosyltransferase.
  • added to the B by a specific glycosyltransferase.

Frage 50

Frage
In type B blood, galactose is added by another transferase
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 51

Frage
The blood type O, sometimes called H, lacks both the enzymes required to modify the foundation.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 52

Frage
[blank_start]Lectins[blank_end] are specific carbohydrate binding proteins
Antworten
  • Lectins

Frage 53

Frage
Influenza virus binds to sialic acid residues
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 54

Frage
Some viruses gain entry into cells by
Antworten
  • first binding to carbohydrates on the cell surface.
  • first binding to sugars on the cell surface.
  • first binding to proteoglycans on the cell surface.

Frage 55

Frage
The influenza virus binds to
Antworten
  • oligosaccharides composed of sialic acid and galactose.
  • disaccharides composed of sialic acid and galactose.
  • oligosaccharides composed of sialic acid and fructose.
  • disaccharides composed of sialic acid and fructose.

Frage 56

Frage
What viral protein is responsible for carbohydrate binding
Antworten
  • Hemoglobin
  • Hemagglutinin
  • glycoprotein
  • proteoglycan
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