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Chapter 15

Beschreibung

biochem
Amy Arce
Quiz von Amy Arce, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Amy Arce
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

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The reactions of energy extraction and energy use are called
Antworten
  • metabolism or intermediary metabolism
  • metabolism or secondary metabolism
  • metabolism or globulary metabolism

Frage 2

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Basic principles govern energy manipulations in all cells
Antworten
  • Molecules are degraded or synthesized stepwise in a series of reactions termed metabolic pathways.
  • ATP is the energy currency of life.
  • ATP can be formed by the reduction of carbon fuels.
  • Although many reactions occur inside a cell, there are a limited number of reaction types involving particular intermediates that are common to all metabolic pathways.
  • Metabolic pathways are highly regulated
  • Energy is required to power muscle contraction and cell movement, active transport, and biosynthesis.
  • Metabolism consists of energy yielding and energy requiring reaction

Frage 3

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Phototrops obtain energy by
Antworten
  • capturing sunlight
  • the oxidation of carbon fuels
  • the reduction of carbon fuels

Frage 4

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Chemotrophs obtain energy through
Antworten
  • capturing sunlight
  • oxidation of carbon fuels
  • reduction of carbon fuels

Frage 5

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Metabolic pathways can be divided into 3 types
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 6

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Catabolic pathways
Antworten
  • combust carbon fuels to synthesize ATP
  • use ATP and reducing power to synthesize large biomolecules.

Frage 7

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Anabolic pathways use
Antworten
  • ATP and reducing power to synthesize large biomolecules.
  • carbon fuels to synthesize ATP

Frage 8

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Some pathways, called [blank_start]amphibolic[blank_end] pathways, can function anabolically or catabolically.
Antworten
  • amphibolic
  • amphillic

Frage 9

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Although anabolic and catabolic pathways may have reactions in common, the regulated, irreversible reactions are always distinct.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 10

Frage
Glucose is metabolized to pyruvate in 10 linked reactions. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is
Antworten
  • is metabolized to lactate and, under aerobic conditions, to acetyl CoA.
  • is metabolized to lactate and, under aerobic conditions, to acetyl Cox.

Frage 11

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The glucose-derived carbons of acetyl CoA are subsequently [blank_start]oxidized[blank_end] to CO2.
Antworten
  • oxidized
  • reduced

Frage 12

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Energy derived from fuels or light is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cellular energy currency.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 13

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ATP hydrolysis is
Antworten
  • exergonic because the triphosphate unit contains two phosphoanhydride bonds that are unstable
  • endergonic because the triphosphate unit contains two phosphoanhydride bonds that are unstable
  • is used to power a host of cellular functions.
  • Enzymes can catalyze the transfer of a terminal phosphoryl group from one nucleotide to another

Frage 14

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[blank_start]Phosphoryl[blank_end] Transfer potential is an important form of cellular energy transformation
Antworten
  • Phosphoryl
  • Phosphatase

Frage 15

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ATP has a [blank_start]phosphoryl-transfer[blank_end] potential intermediate between high phosphoryl- potential compounds derived from fuel molecules and acceptor molecules that require the addition of a phosphoryl group for cellular needs.
Antworten
  • phosphoryl-transfer
  • acceptor molecules
  • phosphoryl group

Frage 16

Frage
What phosphate serves as an energy reserve in vertebrate muscle
Antworten
  • Creatine
  • ATP
  • ADP

Frage 17

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ATP must never be recycled to provide energy to power the cell
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 18

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Oxidation reactions involve [blank_start]loss[blank_end] of electrons
Antworten
  • loss

Frage 19

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Oxidation reactions involve loss of electrons. Such reactions must be coupled with reactions that gain electrons. The paired reactions are called
Antworten
  • oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions.
  • deoxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions

Frage 20

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The carbon atoms in fuels are oxidized to yield [blank_start]CO2[blank_end], and the electrons are ultimately accepted by oxygen to form [blank_start]H2O[blank_end].
Antworten
  • CO2
  • H2O
  • H2O
  • CO2

Frage 21

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The more reduced a carbon atom is, the more free energy is released upon oxidation.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 22

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Fats are a less efficient food source than glucose because fats are more reduced.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 23

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Compounds with high [blank_start]phosphoryl[blank_end] transfer potential can couple carbon [blank_start]oxidation[blank_end] to ATP synthesis
Antworten
  • oxidation
  • reduction
  • phosphoryl
  • phosphtase

Frage 24

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The essence of catabolism is capturing the energy of carbon oxidation as ATP.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 25

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Reduction of the carbon atom may form a compound with low phosphoryl-transfer potential that can then be used to synthesize ADP.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 26

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Ion gradients across membranes provide an important form of cellular energy that can be coupled to ATP synthesis
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 27

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Ion gradients can couple endergonic reactions with exergonic reactions.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 28

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In animals, 90% of ATP is generated when
Antworten
  • the energy of a proton gradient is coupled with ATP synthesis in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
  • the energy of a proton gradient is coupled with ADP synthesis in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
  • the energy of a proton gradient is coupled with ATP synthesis in the process of reductive phosphorylation.

Frage 29

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The generation of energy from food occurs in three stages
Antworten
  • Large molecules in food are broken down into smaller molecules in the process of digestion.
  • The many small molecules are processed into key molecules of metabolism, most notably acetyl CoA.
  • ATP is produced from the complete oxidation of the acetyl component of acetyl CoA.
  • None of the above

Frage 30

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Activated carrier
Antworten
  • ATP is an activated carrier of phosphoryl groups
  • Derived from vitamins
  • Derived from minerals
  • NADH/NAD+ and FADH2/FAD are activated carriers of electrons for fuel oxidation

Frage 31

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2. Two characteristics are common to activated carriers:
Antworten
  • The carriers are kinetically stable in the absence of specific catalysts.
  • The carriers are kinetically stable in the presence of specific catalysts.
  • The metabolism of activated groups is accomplished with a small number of carriers
  • The metabolism of activated groups is accomplished with a large number of carriers

Frage 32

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Many Activated carriers are derived from vitamin, B vitamins function as coenzymes, what other vitamins play a roles but do not serve as conenzymes
Antworten
  • Vitamins A, C, D, E, and K
  • Vitamins A, C, D, E,
  • Vitamins A, C, D

Frage 33

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4. Key Reactions are reiterated throughout metabolism
Antworten
  • oxidation reduction
  • ligation
  • isomeration
  • Group transfer
  • Hydroltic reaction

Frage 34

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Reactions in which carbon bonds are cleaved by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. In these reactions, two substrates yield one product or vice versa
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 35

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Metabolic processes are regulated in three principal ways
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 36

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Metabolic pathways must be regulated
Antworten
  • create homeostasis or a stable biochemical environment.
  • allosterically or by covalent modification.

Frage 37

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To maintain homeostasis, the levels of available nutrients must be constantly monitored and metabolism adjusted to meet the biochemical needs of the cell.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 38

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Homeostasis is maintained by three crucial regulatory strategies.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 39

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The quantity of enzyme present can be regulated at the level of gene transcription.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 40

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Catalytic activity
Antworten
  • is regulated allosterically or by covalent modification
  • Hormones coordinate metabolic activity, often by instigating the covalent modification of allosteric enzymes.
  • Hormones coordinate metabolic activity, often by instigating the covalent modification of steric enzymes.

Frage 41

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The energy status of the cell is often an important regulator of enzyme activity
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 42

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Two common means are used to assess energy status: [blank_start]energy charge[blank_end] and [blank_start]phosphorylation[blank_end] potential.
Antworten
  • energy charge
  • available nutrients
  • phosphorylation
  • kinetic

Frage 43

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Opposing reactions, such as fatty acid synthesis and degradation, may occur in different cellular compartments.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 44

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Controlling the flux of substrates between compartments is used to regulate metabolism.
Antworten
  • True
  • False
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