Biology Semester1 Exam

Which of the following do not occur during interphase

What is the difference between galactose and lactose

In a cell what is the effect of a large surface to volume ratio?

How can cells in a multicellular organism differentiate?

What happens during the G2 stage of interphase

Resolution is the ability to see two objects

The diameter of the drawing is 100mm. The actual image is 100um. What is the magnification of the drawing?

What is the difference between plant and animal cells?

How do prokaryotic cells divide?

What advantages does electron microscopy have over light microscopy?

What is the only membranous structure inside a prokaryotic cell?

What are organelles?

Which organelles have a transport function?

Which functions of life are carried out by unicellular organisms?

Which of the following characterises tissues?

Which of the following explains how brain cells develop to carry out their functions?

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Homeostasis is maintaining the conditions inside a cells within tolerable limits

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In active transport molecules pass through the following part of the cell membrane

In the structure of the cell membrane, glycoproteins are

Active transport is controlled by

In endocytosis vesicles formed around the engulfed particles are formed by

Cells engaged in active transport have a high number of

Pinocytic vesicles can be found in

The thyroid gland can concentrate iodine to a level higher than that of the blood, this is an example of

In osmosis, water molecules can pass through selectively permeable membrane but not the solute because they are different in

If pieces of potato are placed in a hypotonic solution, they will

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Gaseous exchange occurs by

Label cell cycle

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The longest phase of the cell cycle

In interphase the cell [blank_start]enlarges[blank_end], the [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] replicates, and the organelles [blank_start]replicate[blank_end]. This is the [blank_start]longest[blank_end] phase of the cell cycle. Then the cell goes to [blank_start]prophase[blank_end] where the chromosomes [blank_start]condense[blank_end] and the [blank_start]nucleolus[blank_end] dissipates. The [blank_start]spindle fibres[blank_end] start to form and centrioles start to move to [blank_start]polar ends[blank_end] of the cell. Then it moves to [blank_start]metaphase[blank_end] where the membranes disintegrates and the spindle fibres [blank_start]attach[blank_end] to the chromosomes and line up in a straight line in the [blank_start]equator[blank_end] of the cell. Then [blank_start]anaphase[blank_end] the spindle fibres [blank_start]move to polar ends[blank_end] and the [blank_start]sister chromatids[blank_end] pull apart. The [blank_start]telophase[blank_end] the chromosomes dissipate and fibres dissolve. Then cytokinesis which is a process that is [blank_start]different[blank_end] in both plant and animal cells.

Label the phases

Mitotic Index= [blank_start]number of cells in mitosis[blank_end]/ [blank_start]total number of cells[blank_end]

Which process removes waste material of metabolism from the body?

What is a mutation?

Which structure is only found in plant cells?

Which process involves the release of energy from food substances in all living organisms?

What is a cytoplasm?

What is an example of osmosis?

What is an example of homeostasis?

Which organisms carry out respiration, growth, movement and excretion?

Osmosis is defined as the diffusion of water molecules

What is an Organ?

The [blank_start]cell theory[blank_end] tells us that all [blank_start]living[blank_end] organisms are made up of cells which are the [blank_start]smallest possible[blank_end] units of life and comes from [blank_start]pre-existing[blank_end] cells.

What is a cell?

Magnification= [blank_start]scale bar length[blank_end]/[blank_start]actual object scale bar length[blank_end]

A cell wall is made out of [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end] and it surrounds the [blank_start]plasma membrane[blank_end]. It gives the cell its shape and prevents [blank_start]osmosis[blank_end] from [blank_start]bursting[blank_end] the cell.

[blank_start]Plasma membranes[blank_end] surrounds the cell and [blank_start]regulates[blank_end] what enters and leaves the cell.

[blank_start]Binary fission[blank_end] is an [blank_start]asexual[blank_end] reproductive process in [blank_start]eukaryotic[blank_end] cells in which the cells grow larger and eventually the two chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. The partition forms between chromosomes.

The organelle that provides temporary storage of foods, enzymes and waste products is what?

Cell wall, centrioles, lysosome, plastids are all organelles found in plant cells.

Which of the following are true for Eukaryote cells?

Which of the following are true for Prokaryotic cells?

What are sister chromatids?

Which type of cell does a cell plate form during cytokinesis?

Sister chromatids are joined together by which of the following?

Which of the following do animal cells have that plant cells do not have?

Diploids are [blank_start]two sets[blank_end] of chromosomes.

Which of the following is a function of cellulose in plants?

What is the difference between a cell the G1 phase and a cell in a G2 phase of a cell cycle?

Water rises in capillaries due to

Insects can walk on the surface of water due to

Ice floats on the surface of water because of

Water molecules are attached together by

In evaporation of water

In a solid state a water molecule is attached to the following number of other water molecules

Water resists increase in temperature because the gained heat is spent in

Water is a polar molecule with

A polysaccharide made of glucose molecules has the following formula

A polysaccharide with 20 glucose units has the following number of glycosidic bonds

Digestion involves

Glucose functions is

How many amino acids does a polypeptide with 6 peptide bonds have

A fat molecule is made of

Identify this molecule

Identify compound and label parts

Identify

Identify

Identify

A skeletal muscle is a exception to the cell theory because it is multinucleate (contains hundreds of nuclei)

Giant algae is an exception to the cell theory as it has many cells and they contain many nucleus.

A unicellular organism consists of many cells and can carry out all the functions of life.

As a cell grows larger its surface area to volume ratio becomes [blank_start]smaller[blank_end].

Different groups of cells become specialised for different functions by the process of differentiation in unicellular organisms.

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts: [blank_start]emergent properties[blank_end]

Stem cells have the ability to divide and differentiate along different pathways.

Human embryos consist entirely of stem cells in their early stages.

In favour of therapeutic use of stem cells is:

The [blank_start]shorter[blank_end] the wave length the higher the resolution.

The chloroplast carries out photosynthesis.

The plasma membrane prevent the cell bursting/shrinking during osmosis.

The cell wall controls entry and exit of substances.

The following are compartmentalised (membrane-bound) organelles:

The rate at which materials enter or leave a cell depends on the surface of the cells. However, the rate at which materials are used or produced depends on the volume.

[blank_start]Binary fission[blank_end] is the splitting of two cells and the DNA is replicated identically.

A prokaryotic cell has 80s ribosomes.

There are 7 functions of membrane proteins.

Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, as a result of random motion of particles.

Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from a region of [blank_start]lower[blank_end] concentration to a region of [blank_start]higher[blank_end] concentration, as a result of random motion of particles.

Which are passive?

The osmolarity of a solution is the number of moles of solute particles per unit of solution.

The greater the concentration of solutes the [blank_start]higher[blank_end] the osmolarity.

% change= {[blank_start]final mass - initial mass[blank_end]}/ initial mass x 100

Active transport is the movement of substances across membranes, against the concentration gradient, using ATP.

Osmosis is the passive movement of [blank_start]water[blank_end] molecules from an area of [blank_start]low[blank_end] solute concentration to an area of [blank_start]high[blank_end] solute concentration across a partially permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached.

[blank_start]Exocytosis[blank_end] is the process in which the vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and the contents of the vesicles are expelled into the cell and the membrane flattens out again.

[blank_start]Endocytosis[blank_end] is the when the part of the plasma membrane can be pinched off to create a vesicle containing some material from outside the cell.

Symbiosis is two different organisms living together.

A group of proteins is called a [blank_start]cyclins[blank_end] and is used to ensure that tasks are performed at the correct time and that the cell moves on to the next stage of the cycle when its appropriate.

Cyclins control the cell cycle and ensure that cells divide when new cells are needed, but not at other times.

Oncogenesis is the formation of tumors.

The spreading of cells to form tumors in a different part of the body is known as [blank_start]metastasis[blank_end].

There is a [blank_start]positive[blank_end] correlation between cigarette smoking and the death rate due to cancer.

Tobacco smoke are mutagenic and therefore [blank_start]carcinogenic[blank_end].

For what purpose is the enzyme lactase useful?

In a cell, what is the effect of a large surface area to volume ratio?

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Which organelles have a transport function?

What is the difference between galactose and lactose?

In an electron micrograph, a DNA molecule appears 1 mm wide. The magnification of the micrograph is 500,000. What is the width of the DNA molecule.

What is a function of the bacterial cell wall?

Why do multicellular organisms have emergent properties?

How much energy is stored in 1kg of body fat compared to 1kg of glycogen?

What is the size range for the diameters of most plant and animal cells?