Anatomy lecture exam IV urinary

Beschreibung

practice exam focusing on urinary system and primarily physiology of the kidney
Rebecca Matthews
Quiz von Rebecca Matthews, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Rebecca Matthews
Erstellt von Rebecca Matthews vor fast 9 Jahre
27
1

Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
The functions of the urinary system are: 1. [blank_start]volume regulation[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]acid/base balance[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]electrolyte balance[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]elimination of waste[blank_end] 5. [blank_start]Endocrine[blank_end]
Antworten
  • volume regulation
  • acid/base balance
  • electrolyte balance
  • elimination of waste
  • Endocrine

Frage 2

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[blank_start]Glomerular filtration[blank_end] is the movement of components of plasma out of the glomereal capillaries into the bowman's capsule.
Antworten
  • Glomerular filtration

Frage 3

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The functional urine forming unit in the kidney is the [blank_start]nephron[blank_end].
Antworten
  • nephron

Frage 4

Frage
Trace plasma from an afferent arteriole until it is excreted from the body as urine. [blank_start]glomerulus[blank_end]--> [blank_start]bowmans capsule[blank_end] --> [blank_start]Proximal Convoluted Duct[blank_end] --> [blank_start]loop of henle[blank_end] --> [blank_start]Distal convoluted duct[blank_end] --> [blank_start]collecting tubule[blank_end] --> [blank_start]papillae[blank_end] --> [blank_start]minor calyces[blank_end] --> [blank_start]major calyces[blank_end] --> [blank_start]pelvis -[blank_end]-> [blank_start]ureter[blank_end] --> [blank_start]bladder[blank_end] --> [blank_start]urethra[blank_end]
Antworten
  • glomerulus
  • bowmans capsule
  • Proximal Convoluted Duct
  • loop of henle
  • Distal convoluted duct
  • collecting tubule
  • papillae
  • minor calyces
  • major calyces
  • pelvis -
  • ureter
  • bladder
  • urethra

Frage 5

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The rate at which you form glomelular filtrate is [blank_start]GFR[blank_end].
Antworten
  • GFR

Frage 6

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GFR in the average adult male is:
Antworten
  • 120ml/min
  • 225ml/min
  • 90-95ml/min
  • 125ml/min

Frage 7

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GFR in the average adult female is:
Antworten
  • 90-95ml/min
  • 125ml/min
  • 80-85ml/min
  • 120ml/min

Frage 8

Frage
The absorption rate of water from glomelular filtrate is [blank_start]99%[blank_end].
Antworten
  • 99%

Frage 9

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How much of your cardiac output goes to the kidneys?
Antworten
  • 30-35%
  • 20-25%
  • 10-15%
  • 5-10%

Frage 10

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If a substance is tubularly reabsorbed, then the amount in the urine is [blank_start]less than[blank_end] the amount in the glomerular filtrate.
Antworten
  • less than
  • greater than

Frage 11

Frage
label all the structures of the nephron
Antworten
  • collecting tubule
  • goes to paillae
  • distal convoluted tubule
  • loop of henle
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • bowman's capsule
  • glomerulus

Frage 12

Frage
[blank_start]Tubular re-absorption[blank_end] is when you move something form the nephron tubules to the peritubular capillaries. Another way of saying out of the [blank_start]tubule[blank_end] and into the [blank_start]blood[blank_end].
Antworten
  • Tubular re-absorption
  • tubule
  • blood

Frage 13

Frage
How is glucose sent across membranes?
Antworten
  • re-absorption
  • active transport
  • osmosis
  • glomelular filtration

Frage 14

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Clearing is the ability of the kidney to remove substances from your blood.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 15

Frage
What determines the amount of a substance in glomelular filtrate (ex: glucose)?
Antworten
  • the filtration rate of the same substance
  • the concentration of the same substance found in plasma
  • permeability of same substance in PCT
  • ability of kidney to clear the same substance

Frage 16

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The maximum rate at which a substance can be re-absorbed from the nephron tubules is referred to as the [blank_start]transport maximum[blank_end] for that substance.
Antworten
  • transport maximum

Frage 17

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This is a process where a carrier molecule uses ATP to move a molecule across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient. It has a high level of specificity.
Antworten
  • facilitated diffusion
  • exocytosis
  • active transport
  • diffusion

Frage 18

Frage
If glucose is found in your urine is it called [blank_start]glucosuria[blank_end] or [blank_start]glycosuria[blank_end].
Antworten
  • glucosuria
  • glycosuria

Frage 19

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The [blank_start]renal plasma threshold[blank_end] is the plasma level at which something starts to appear in your urine.
Antworten
  • renal plasma threshold

Frage 20

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If a patient has glucosuria what do you already know about his plasma glucose level?
Antworten
  • his plasma has exceeded the renal plasma threshold level of 180mg/100ml of blood.
  • the patient is diabetic and is not producing proper amounts of insulin.
  • there is no way to determine anything about his plasma glucose level at this point.
  • the patient is spilling glucose in his urine because his afferent arteriole is blocked and not allowing the glomerulus to filter to the bowman's capsule.

Frage 21

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Amino acids should be present in your urine.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 22

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[blank_start]Amino acids[blank_end] are actively transported in the tubules and are needed so that your body can make [blank_start]proteins[blank_end].
Antworten
  • Amino acids
  • Potassium ions
  • Nucleic acids
  • proteins
  • electolytes
  • DNA and RNA

Frage 23

Frage
It is called [blank_start]aminoaciduria[blank_end] when amino acids are found in your urine. The most common type of this is [blank_start]cystine[blank_end].
Antworten
  • aminoaciduria
  • cystine

Frage 24

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When substances "fall out of solution" or become too concentrated they [blank_start]precipitate[blank_end].
Antworten
  • precipitate

Frage 25

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The major nitrogenous waste in humans is [blank_start]urea[blank_end].
Antworten
  • urea

Frage 26

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Urea is produced primarily in the [blank_start]deamination of amino acids[blank_end].
Antworten
  • deamination of amino acids

Frage 27

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The clinical estimate of urea in blood is called your [blank_start]blood urea nitrogen[blank_end] level or [blank_start]BUN[blank_end].
Antworten
  • blood urea nitrogen
  • BUN

Frage 28

Frage
Why would your BUN level increase when you have a disease?
Antworten
  • Because the kidneys are not functioning at full capacity and are unable to clear the nitrogen from your system properly
  • during a disease there is a significant number of cells that are damaged and dying. They are made up of proteins which is a nitrogenous waste and thus your BUN will rise.
  • during the disease process the inflammatory process produces greater amounts of nitrogen therefor increase blood nitrogen levels.
  • your BUN will not increase when you have a disease.

Frage 29

Frage
Urine is basically glomelular filtrate minus everything you decided to re-absorb or uptake.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 30

Frage
the hormone promoting Na+ retention by the kidney is [blank_start]aldosterone[blank_end].
Antworten
  • aldosterone
  • ADH
  • adrenal norepinephrine

Frage 31

Frage
The hormone [blank_start]aldosterone[blank_end] comes from a gland on top of the kidneys called the [blank_start]adrenals[blank_end].
Antworten
  • aldosterone
  • adrenals

Frage 32

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Only about 20% of your nephrons are called [blank_start]jextamedullary[blank_end] nephrons.
Antworten
  • juxtamedullary

Frage 33

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The juxtamedullary nephrons have a __________ that projects way down into the tip of the pyramid and the remaining nephrons are called cortica nephrons because they primarily lie within the __________ .
Antworten
  • collecting tubule/pyramid
  • loop of henle/papillae
  • loop of henle/cortex medulla
  • medulla/adrenal cortex

Frage 34

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solute=[blank_start]dissolve e[blank_end] and solvent= [blank_start]dis-solver[blank_end]
Antworten
  • dissolve e
  • dis-solver

Frage 35

Frage
This type of solution has a higher solute than the comparative solution.
Antworten
  • hypotonic
  • osmotic
  • hypertonic
  • homogeneous

Frage 36

Frage
Cells placed in hypertonic solution would be expected to [blank_start]shrink[blank_end].
Antworten
  • shrink
  • swell

Frage 37

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Molecules going from an area of high solvent to low solvent through a semi-permeable membrane is called [blank_start]osmosis[blank_end].
Antworten
  • osmosis

Frage 38

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Freshwater fish live in a hypotonic environment. They generally have a problem with water [blank_start]gain[blank_end].
Antworten
  • gain
  • loss

Frage 39

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Medullary fluids of the kidney are [blank_start]hypertonic[blank_end] to most body fluids.
Antworten
  • hypertonic
  • hypotonic

Frage 40

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Solutes are concentrated in the medullary fluids of the kidney by the [blank_start]counter current multiplier[blank_end] mechanism.
Antworten
  • counter current multiplier

Frage 41

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Water goes from hypotonic solutions to hypertonic solutions because tonicity is determined by the solute.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 42

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Sodium retention generally has the effect of [blank_start]raising[blank_end] blood potassium levels.
Antworten
  • raising
  • lowering

Frage 43

Frage
Does facilitated diffusion utilize ATP?
Antworten
  • yes
  • no

Frage 44

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We control urine concentration by the counter current multiplier mechanism.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 45

Frage
What separates the cortex from the medulla?
Antworten
  • base of pyramid
  • cortico medullary line
  • medullary cortex
  • loop of henle

Frage 46

Frage
The cortex of the kidney is what in relationship to the body?
Antworten
  • hypotonic
  • ionic
  • isotonic
  • hypertonic

Frage 47

Frage
The [blank_start]ascending[blank_end] loop of henle has a [blank_start]thicker[blank_end] membrane that is [blank_start]impermeable[blank_end] to water and therefore osmosis [blank_start]can not[blank_end] occur. Salt is then removed from the tubular fluid by means of [blank_start]active transport[blank_end] and the fluid is now more [blank_start]dilute[blank_end].
Antworten
  • ascending
  • descending
  • thicker
  • thinner
  • impermeable
  • permeable
  • can not
  • does
  • active transport
  • fascilitated diffusion
  • dilute
  • concentrated

Frage 48

Frage
When urine reaches the top of ascending loop of hele what level of concentration is it in proportion to your bodily fluids?
Antworten
  • 1/3
  • 2/3
  • 1/2
  • 3/4

Frage 49

Frage
Highest level of dilute you can get urine is [blank_start]1/3[blank_end] that of bodily fluids and the highest level of concentration is [blank_start]4[blank_end] times that of normal bodily fluids.
Antworten
  • 1/3
  • 4

Frage 50

Frage
What gives the medullary portion of the kidney it's hypertonicity?
Antworten
  • the cortico medullary line because as the fluid passes through solutes are removed
  • the collecting tubule where solutes spill over into the medulla
  • none of these
  • the ascending portion of the loop of henle where salt is actively transported and the osmotic capibility of the descending loop of henle or more simply put it is because of the counter current multiplier mechanism.

Frage 51

Frage
The [blank_start]DCT[blank_end] and collecting tubule have [blank_start]water[blank_end] pores that allow for further control of urine concentration. If the pores are open the urine is more [blank_start]concentrated[blank_end] and if the pores are closed the urine will be [blank_start]diluted[blank_end].
Antworten
  • DCT
  • PCT
  • water
  • salt
  • concentrated
  • dilute
  • diluted
  • concentrated

Frage 52

Frage
The hormone that controls your water pores in the DCT and collecting tubule is [blank_start]anti diuretic hormone[blank_end] also known as [blank_start]ADH[blank_end].
Antworten
  • anti diuretic hormone
  • ADH

Frage 53

Frage
Vasopressin is another word for ADH and it is stored and released by your posterior pituitary.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 54

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ADH is [blank_start]against[blank_end] diuresis because it [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] urine volume and [blank_start]increases[blank_end] urine concentration.
Antworten
  • against
  • for
  • decreases
  • increases
  • increases
  • decreases

Frage 55

Frage
ADH [blank_start]opens[blank_end] the water pores of the DCT and collecting tubules.
Antworten
  • opens
  • closes

Frage 56

Frage
At night your production of ADH goes [blank_start]up[blank_end].
Antworten
  • up
  • down

Frage 57

Frage
[blank_start]Glomerular filtrate[blank_end] is made up of everything that is in plasma except for the [blank_start]plasma proteins[blank_end].
Antworten
  • Glomerular filtrate
  • plasma proteins
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