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Chapter 23

Beschreibung

3410 Anatomy Quiz am Chapter 23, erstellt von Avi Chudasama am 15/12/2015.
Avi Chudasama
Quiz von Avi Chudasama, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Avi Chudasama
Erstellt von Avi Chudasama vor fast 9 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
In life-threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by
Antworten
  • Secreting erythropoietin
  • Secreting rennin
  • Deaminating amino acids
  • Producing uric acid
  • Contributing to calcium homeostasis

Frage 2

Frage
This byproduct of protein catabolism constitutes approximately one-half of
Antworten
  • Ammonia
  • Azotemia
  • Uric acid
  • Creatinine
  • Urea

Frage 3

Frage
Which organ system does not excrete waste?
Antworten
  • The urinary system
  • The respiratory system
  • The digestive system
  • The integumentary system
  • The cardiovascular system

Frage 4

Frage
Which is not a function of the kidneys?
Antworten
  • They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids
  • They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D
  • They help control blood pressure
  • They release waste into the bloodstream
  • They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin

Frage 5

Frage
Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system?
Antworten
  • Urethra
  • Collecting duct
  • Ureter
  • Urinary bladder
  • Kidney

Frage 6

Frage
A patient enters a hospital after a motorcycle accident. He complains of midback pain. X rays reveal both rib and pelvic fractures. His emergency room examination includes urinalysis. Which of the following findings from the urinalysis would most likely suggest trauma to the kidneys from the accident, but not to the urinary bladder?
Antworten
  • Pyuria
  • Hematuria
  • Albuminuria
  • Uremia
  • Phenylketonuria

Frage 7

Frage
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as
Antworten
  • The perirenal fat capsule
  • The renal fascia
  • The hilum
  • The fibrous capsule
  • The renal medulla

Frage 8

Frage
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of
Antworten
  • Two calyces and a renal pelvis
  • One pyramid and the overlying cortex
  • One major calyx and all of its minor calyces
  • A renal medulla and two renal columns
  • One collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it

Frage 9

Frage
A renal pyramid voids urine into
Antworten
  • The minor calyx
  • The major calyx
  • The renal medulla
  • The renal papilla
  • The ureter

Frage 10

Frage
Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
Antworten
  • Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → arfferent arteriole → interlobular a.
  • Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
  • Segmental a. → interlobar a. → arcuate a. → interlobular a.
  • Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
  • Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.

Frage 11

Frage
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the:
Antworten
  • Glomerulus
  • Medulla
  • Cortical radiate veins
  • Peritubular capillaries
  • Vasa recta

Frage 12

Frage
The average person has approximately __________ nephrons per kidney
Antworten
  • 1.2 million
  • 2.4 Million
  • 3.6 million
  • 5.6 million
  • 4.8 million

Frage 13

Frage
Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal vein?
Antworten
  • interlobular v. → interlobar v. → segmental v. → renal v.
  • arcuate v. → interlobar v. → segmental v. → renal v.
  • interlobar v. → interlobular v. → arcuate v. → renal v.
  • segmental v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.
  • interlobular v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.

Frage 14

Frage
Blood plasma is filtered in
Antworten
  • The renal tubule
  • The renal corpuscle
  • The renal capsule
  • The renal column
  • The renal calyx

Frage 15

Frage
Which of these form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus?
Antworten
  • Macula densa cells
  • Mesangial cells
  • Nephrocytes
  • Podocytes
  • Monocytes

Frage 16

Frage
All of the following are composed of cuboidal epithelium with the exception of
Antworten
  • The thin segment of the nephron loop
  • The thick segment of the nephron loop
  • The collecting duct
  • The proximal convoluted tubule
  • The distal convoluted tubule

Frage 17

Frage
Which are primarily responsible for maintain the salinity gradient of the renal medulla?
Antworten
  • Cortical nephrons
  • Juxtamedullary nephrons
  • Collecting ducts
  • Proximal convoluted tubules
  • Distal convoluted tubules

Frage 18

Frage
In the nephron, the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as
Antworten
  • Plasma
  • Glomerular filtrate
  • Tubular Fluid
  • Renal filtrate
  • Medullary filtrate

Frage 19

Frage
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen released from the _______ to form angiotensin I
Antworten
  • Lungs
  • Kidneys
  • Liver
  • Heart
  • Spleen

Frage 20

Frage
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the _______ of all the nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption
Antworten
  • Proximal convoluted tubules
  • Distal convolutes tubules
  • Loops of Henle
  • Collecting ducts
  • Glomeruli

Frage 21

Frage
Proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for reabsorbing all of the following except:
Antworten
  • Potassium
  • Sodium Chloride
  • Hydrogen Ions
  • Urea
  • Water

Frage 22

Frage
Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood volume and pressure by all of the following means except
Antworten
  • Increasing glomerular filtration rate
  • Inhibiting renin and aldosterone secretion
  • Inhibiting the action of ADH on the kidney
  • Inhibiting NaCl reabsorption by the collecting duct
  • Preventing sodium loss in the urine

Frage 23

Frage
Hypocalcemia stimulates
Antworten
  • A decrease in aldosterone production
  • Secretion of parathyroid hormone
  • Secretion of renin
  • An increase in blood urea nitrogen
  • Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles

Frage 24

Frage
Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?
Antworten
  • Collecting Ducts
  • Glomerulus
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • Nephron loop

Frage 25

Frage
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when
Antworten
  • The body's water volume is high
  • The body's pH is low
  • The output of antidiuretic hormone is high
  • The output of natriuretic peptides is high
  • A person is lost and deprived of drinking water the body's water volume is high

Frage 26

Frage
Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?
Antworten
  • The collecting duct
  • The countercurrent multiplier
  • The length of the nephrons
  • Diuretics
  • The countercurrent exchange system

Frage 27

Frage
The countercurrent multiplier recaptures ________ and is based on fluid flowing in _________ direction in two adjacent tubules
Antworten
  • Potassium; the same
  • Calcium; the opposite
  • Calcium; the same
  • Sodium; the opposite
  • Sodium; the same

Frage 28

Frage
The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is
Antworten
  • To supply salt and urea to the renal medulla
  • To supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal cortex
  • To supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal medulla
  • To remove metabolic wastes from the renal cortex
  • To remove metabolic wastes from the renal medulla

Frage 29

Frage
Which of these induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR and urine volume?
Antworten
  • Aldosterone
  • Antidiuretic hormone
  • Parathyroid hormone
  • Norepinephrine
  • Angiotensin II

Frage 30

Frage
Normal urine from a healthy person can be expected to contain all of the following except:
Antworten
  • Creatine
  • Urobilin
  • Glucose
  • Ammonia
  • Magnesium

Frage 31

Frage
What is the term for the pigment responsible for the color of urine?
Antworten
  • Monochrome
  • Urochrome
  • Multichrome
  • Cyanochrome
  • Pyuria

Frage 32

Frage
The minimum daily output of urine to meet the definition of polyuria is:
Antworten
  • 1.0 L
  • 1.5 L
  • 2.0 L
  • 0.5 L
  • 3.0 L

Frage 33

Frage
Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria, clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of:
Antworten
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Acute glomerulonephritis
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Renal calculus
  • Pyelitis

Frage 34

Frage
Loop diuretics reduce body water context by acting on:
Antworten
  • The feedback loop between the kidney and posterior pituitary gland
  • The countercurrent multiplier system
  • The countercurrent exchanger system
  • Aquaporins of the collecting duct
  • The thirst mechanism and water intake

Frage 35

Frage
A hospital patient produces 4 mL. min of urine with a urea concentration of 8mg/mL. Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of .4 mg/mL. What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filrate?
Antworten
  • 40%
  • 56%
  • 64%
  • 72%
  • 80%

Frage 36

Frage
Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate?
Antworten
  • insulin and glucose
  • inulin and creatinine
  • sodium and water
  • albumin and inulin
  • insulin and urea

Frage 37

Frage
Creatinine has a renal clearance of 140 mL/min due to the fact that:
Antworten
  • it is produced in the pulmonary tissue.
  • it is secreted by the renal tubules.
  • it is absorbed by the renal tubules.
  • it is secreted by the glomerulus.
  • it is absorbed by the loop of Henle.

Frage 38

Frage
Which of the following is not found in the ureter?
Antworten
  • Adventitia
  • Two layers of smooth muscle
  • Three layers of smoother muscle
  • Transitional epithelium
  • Skeletal muscle

Frage 39

Frage
Which muscle is located in the bladder?
Antworten
  • Detrusor
  • Distractor
  • Pubococcygeus
  • corpus spongiosum
  • corpus cavernosum

Frage 40

Frage
Which is not a portion of the urethra?
Antworten
  • external urethral orifice
  • internal urethral sphincter
  • prostatic urethra
  • membraneous urethra
  • spongy urethra

Frage 41

Frage
Micturition is another term for:
Antworten
  • the production of nitrogenous wastes
  • glomerular filtration
  • the elimination of urine
  • the countercurrent multiplier process
  • inflammation of the urinary bladder

Frage 42

Frage
The ureters pass anterior to the bladder and enter it from below
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 43

Frage
Albuminuria is a common sign of diabetes mellitus
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 44

Frage
Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 45

Frage
Ethyl (drinking) alcohol stimulates the secretion of ADH, thereby reducing reabsorption by the collecting duct
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 46

Frage
Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion by the proximal convoluted tubule as well as promotes synthesis of calcitriol
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 47

Frage
The countercurrent multiplier mechanism for water conservation was discovered by limiting studies to humans and thus hypothesizing how form determines function
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 48

Frage
The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 49

Frage
Glomerular filtration occurs because glomerular oncotic pressure overrides glomerular blood pressure
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 50

Frage
Angiotensin converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 51

Frage
Cells in the cleft between the afferent and efferent arterioles and among capillaries of the glomerulus are known as mesangial cells
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 52

Frage
Glomerular capillaries suffer little damage from hypertension because of the protective influence of the afferent arterioles
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 53

Frage
The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary has pores small enough to exclude blood cells from the filtrate
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 54

Frage
The most toxic of our metabolic wastes are nitrogenous wastes
Antworten
  • True
  • False
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