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Evolution, genetics and behaviour

Beschreibung

Closely examine the principles of genetic inheritance and the theory of evolution Use theoretical models to explain behaviour
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
Who is the father of principles of genetic inheritance in 19th century
Antworten
  • Gregor Modana
  • George Mandel
  • Gregor Mendel
  • Georger Mandal

Frage 2

Frage
How does the genetic inheritance process works in terms of Genes?
Antworten
  • Genes is made of RNA> DNA> Protein> influences genotype
  • Genes is made of DNA> Protein > influences phenotype
  • Genes is made of DNA> Protein> RNA> influences phenotype
  • Genes is made of DNA> RNA> Protein> influences genotype

Frage 3

Frage
Genotype influences outward manifestation (physical appearances, behaviour)
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 4

Frage
Phenotype is responsible for outward manifestation such as genetic blueprint
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 5

Frage
Can same genes have different types of alleles?
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 6

Frage
Genes come in pairs. When pairs are different (different alleles), what are they called?
Antworten
  • Heterozygous
  • Monozygous
  • Homozygous
  • Diffzygous

Frage 7

Frage
Genes comes in pairs. What are same pairs (same alleles) called?
Antworten
  • Heterozygous
  • Monozygous
  • Homozygous
  • Similarzygous

Frage 8

Frage
Genes can be either dominant or recessive. What does dominant genes show?
Antworten
  • Dominant genes show its effect on phenotype only in the monozygyous conditions
  • Dominant genes show its strong effect on phenotype only in homozygous conditions
  • Dominant condition shows its strong effect on phenotype in either homozygous or monozygous conditions.
  • Dominant condition shows its strong effect on phenotype in either homozygous or heterozygous conditions.

Frage 9

Frage
Genes can be dominant or recessive. What does Recessive gene effect?
Antworten
  • Recessive gene shows its effects only in heterozygous conditions
  • Recessive gene shows its effect only in homozygous conditions
  • Recessive genes only shows its effect in monozygous conditoions
  • Recessive gene shows its effect regardless of its alleles condition

Frage 10

Frage
For example: Food aversion= genes ability to taste PTC (phenylthiocarbamide). Which two of the following statement is true for ability to taste PTC.
Antworten
  • Medium sensitivity of tasting PTC requires mixture of genes.
  • Low sensitivity of tasting PTC requires dominant genes.
  • High sensitivity of tasting PTC requires dominant genes.
  • High sensitivity of tasting PTC requires recessive genes.
  • Medium sensitivity of tasting PTC requires dominant and recessive genes.
  • Low sensitivity of tasting PTC requires recessive genes.

Frage 11

Frage
Parents with Tt and Tt allele leads to : - 25% chances of Homozygous TT -50% chances of recessive genes-tt - 25% chances of heterozygous - Tt
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 12

Frage
Suppose a boy and his father have a high sensibility to taste PTC. What can we predict about the boy's mother?
Antworten
  • She has a higher sensitivity to taste PTC
  • She must be a heterozygous taster
  • It is not possible to predict any of the above

Frage 13

Frage
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, including 2 pairs of sex chromosomes. There are 2 types of sex chromosomes: X & Y.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 14

Frage
Sex-limited gene is present in both sexes. But in what chromosome is it generally active in one sex.
Antworten
  • Sex-linked
  • Autosomal

Frage 15

Frage
What does strong resemblance between monozygotic (identical) than dizygotic (non identical) twins suggest:
Antworten
  • genetics contribution
  • environmental contribution
  • They are better than non-identical twins
  • combination of heredity and environmental

Frage 16

Frage
What kind of evidence do researchers rely on to determine the contribution of heredity and environment.
Antworten
  • Comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twins
  • Comparing children with parents
  • Comparing siblings
  • Comparing distant cousins with subject

Frage 17

Frage
When assessing studies on adopted children, what does any tendency for adopted children to resemble their biological parents suggest:
Antworten
  • Heredity influence
  • Environmental influence
  • Parental influence
  • Pre-natal influence

Frage 18

Frage
Suppose a boy and his father cannot taste PTC. What can we predict about the boy's mother?
Antworten
  • No prediction possible
  • She has high sensitivity to taste PTC
  • She is either a heterozygous PTC taster or a Nontaster
  • She has low sensitivity to taste PTC

Frage 19

Frage
What is false?
Antworten
  • Sex-linked genes are X-linked
  • Genes come in pairs
  • There are 23 genes
  • None of the above

Frage 20

Frage
What is true?
Antworten
  • Humans evolved from monkeys
  • Humans are the end product of primate evolution
  • Analogy refers to common ancestry
  • None of the above

Frage 21

Frage
What is analogy?
Antworten
  • Similarities in function that evolved independently
  • Difference in function that evolved independently
  • Similarities that evolved over time.
  • Species descendent from the same origin

Frage 22

Frage
Pre-natal influences may seem to show________ effects
Antworten
  • genetic
  • environmental
  • parental
  • condtional
  • Combination of genetic and environment

Frage 23

Frage
What type of methods now make it possible for psychologist to identify specific genes linked to a disorder. For example certain genes tend to be more than averagely found in people with depression.
Antworten
  • Biochemical methods
  • Pre-genetical methods
  • Genetical methods
  • Heredity scanning methods

Frage 24

Frage
It is a trait that confers higher fitness to individuals than other existing alternatives within the population. It has (or will) spread through the population as a result of natural selection. Which term is here referred to?
Antworten
  • Adaptation
  • Evolution
  • Phylogeny
  • None of the above

Frage 25

Frage
Natural selection is the process that occurs when individuals differ in their traits and the differences are correlated with differences in reproductive success.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 26

Frage
Why is it difficult to control people's heredity or environment or even estimate heredity influence causing an error when assessing adopted studies?
Antworten
  • Difficult to distinguish between heredity and prenatal influences
  • Individuals may hide their true intentions when being examined
  • You cannot control peoples life experiences such as the friends they choose to associate with
  • Parents may have different style of parenting, compared to their biological parents.

Frage 27

Frage
If identical twins are raised in different families and behave the same must this indicate a genetic influence?
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 28

Frage
Evolution is a change over generations in the frequencies of various genes in a population.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 29

Frage
According to Charles Darwin (1859) natural selection occurs when certain traits are more successful than other traits. Because of that particular trait, causes higher fitness in individuals making them more adaptable. Correctly identify 4 of these traits that contributes to higher fitness
Antworten
  • Finding food
  • Being attractive
  • Escaping enemies
  • Strong
  • Protecting offspring
  • Producing many offsprings
  • Having financial resources
  • Adapted to environment

Frage 30

Frage
Mutations of genes occasionally introduce new heritable variations that can harm an individuals chances of: Select two answers
Antworten
  • Survival
  • Reproduction
  • Attractiveness
  • Financial resources
  • Health

Frage 31

Frage
Select four answers that show evidence of existence of evolution.
Antworten
  • Fossil record
  • Similarities of related life forms
  • Documented evidence from ancestors
  • Rapid population changes in organisms
  • Geographic distribution
  • Language and communication has evolved e.g. cave drawings
  • Anatomy has evolved with skull size increasing
  • Changes in climate reflect the evolution
  • Philosophical leaders have often described this in their work

Frage 32

Frage
Where is sex-linked genes located?
Antworten
  • Sex chromosomes
  • autosomal chromosomes
  • Chromosomes
  • in every gene

Frage 33

Frage
What are autosomal chromosomes?
Antworten
  • All other gene except sex-linked genes are found there
  • Every gene is found in autosomal chromosome
  • Automatically renewal genes are found there
  • None of the above

Frage 34

Frage
We know that the size Y-chromosome is small. With only limited genes to produce ___ proteins of fewer. Whats the magic number?
Antworten
  • 21
  • 32
  • 27
  • 26

Frage 35

Frage
According to Arnold (2004), X-chromosome has genes that can produce ____ approximately proteins. Whats the magic number?
Antworten
  • 1,000
  • 1,350
  • 1,500
  • 1,750

Frage 36

Frage
Why are Sex-linked chromosomes located on the X chromosomes? Because...
Antworten
  • X Chromosomes consists of special genetical make-up
  • Y chromosome is considered weak therefore biologically X chromosome appears to be more compatible
  • X Chromosome has the capacity to make more protein than Y.
  • Y chromosomes very small therefore less likely to carry genetic information

Frage 37

Frage
Real-application: X-linked gene is recessive for _______ colour vision deficiency.
Antworten
  • blue-green
  • red-green
  • red-yellow
  • yellow-green

Frage 38

Frage
Issue with X-linked gene producing red-green colour vision deficiency affects more men than women. Why?
Antworten
  • Because women's genes are able to compensate for the deficiency
  • Because men are not able to compensate for the deficiency, due to a lack of X chromosome
  • Because men are highly affected by it due to their increased chances of inheriting recessive genes
  • Women do experience this too, although are too scared to report it

Frage 39

Frage
Functional explanation for the behaviour of language and laughter is simply that it strengthens bond among the society, thus improving their fitness.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 40

Frage
What functions does the phylogenetic continuity serve? (Select two)
Antworten
  • Testing for the evolutionary roots of human behaviours
  • Testing for the evolutionary roots of organism behaviours
  • Examining gradual changes within traits
  • Examining the similarities and differences among common ancestors

Frage 41

Frage
Why are animals used in research?
Antworten
  • Learn about human evolution
  • Learn about mechanism of behaviour in animals and humans
  • improve animal welfare and conservation management
  • Learn more about our common ancestors
  • Learn more about similarities and differences between organism
  • Animals can help us understand how to function efficiently in habitat

Frage 42

Frage
Why do primates play a special role in psychology?
Antworten
  • Phylogenetic closeness
  • Functional closeness
  • Ontogenetic closeness
  • Primates are our ancestors

Frage 43

Frage
What three social behaviours of primates are psychologist interested in?
Antworten
  • Social groups
  • Benefits and costs of group living
  • Communication
  • Survival
  • Food hunting
  • Gender roles
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