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Nutrition { 1 }

Beschreibung

Chapter 7, Part 1
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
The bulk of the carbon compounds that make up the cytoplasm of the cells consist of:
Antworten
  • Nutrients
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Fats

Frage 2

Frage
Absorption of the products of digestion by animals is described as:
Antworten
  • Heterozygous nutrition
  • Saprotrophic nutrition
  • Trophic mission
  • Heterotrophic nutrition

Frage 3

Frage
The mammalian gut is a ___ tube connecting the ___.
Antworten
  • long, hollow muscular | mouth to the anus
  • short, hollow muscular | mouth to the stomach
  • hollow, bony | stomach to the anus
  • long | stomach to the anus

Frage 4

Frage
Ingestion is :
Antworten
  • mechanical digestion by the action of teeth and the muscular walls of the gut.
  • food taken into the mouth for processing in the gut.
  • chemical digestion by enzymes, mainly in the stomach and intestine.
  • chemical digestion by enzymes, mainly in the mouth and pharynx.

Frage 5

Frage
Mechanical digestion is ___ and chemical digestion is ___ .
Antworten
  • the action of teeth and the muscular walls of the mouth | by enzymes, mainly in the stomach and intestine
  • by enzymes, mainly in the stomach and intestine | the action of teeth and the muscular walls of the gut
  • the action of teeth and the muscular walls of the gut | by enzymes, mainly in the stomach and intestine

Frage 6

Frage
Absorption is the process of..
Antworten
  • insoluble products of digestion absorbed into the blood circulation system.
  • fat droplets of digestion absorbed into the lymphatic system.
  • soluble products of digestion absorbed into the blood circulation system.
  • water from digestion absorbed into the blood stream only.

Frage 7

Frage
assimilation is the process of..
Antworten
  • products of digestion absorbed from blood into body cells and used or stored.
  • only fat droplets from digestion absorbed from blood into body cells and used or stored.
  • products of digestion excreted from body cells into blood.

Frage 8

Frage
Egestion is the process of ___, expelled from the body as faeces.
Antworten
  • Bacteria from the gut flora
  • Bacteria from the gut floor
  • Digested food
  • Undigested food
  • Products of digestion
  • Dead cells from the lining of the gut
  • Dead cells from all over the body

Frage 9

Frage
Digestion is an essential step because..
Antworten
  • most ingested substances consist of insoluble molecules that are too big to cross the gut wall and enter the blood stream.
  • most ingested substances consist of soluble molecules that are too small to cross the gut wall.
  • ingested fats are insoluble molecules that are too big to cross the gut wall and enter the blood stream.
  • some ingested substances are insoluble molecules that are too big to enter the blood stream.

Frage 10

Frage
In order to be absorbed, lipids, carbohydrates and proteins must be hydrolysed and emulsified to..
Antworten
  • polysaccharides
  • monosaccharides
  • amino acids
  • simple fats
  • peptides
  • fatty acids
  • disaccharides
  • fat droplets
  • glycerol
  • free amino acids

Frage 11

Frage
The first stage in the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules is ___.
Antworten
  • both mechanical and chemical digestion
  • chemical digestion
  • ingestion
  • mechanical digestion
  • absorption

Frage 12

Frage
Peristalsis is the process of..
Antworten
  • waves of contraction and relaxation of the circular and longitudinal muscles of the gut wall to propel food along.
  • waves of contractions of the circular and longitudinal muscles of the gut wall to propel food along.
  • Squeezing of circular and longitudinal muscles of the gut wall to condense food along.

Frage 13

Frage
___ follows mechanical digestion and is brought about by ___ produced in specialised cells in glands associated with the gut.
Antworten
  • Chemical | digestive enzymes
  • absorption | enzymes
  • Chemical | one protein catalyst

Frage 14

Frage
To complete the digestion process, ___ secreted onto food work together with those in the ___ of cells of the ___.
Antworten
  • enzymes | mitochondria | gut lining
  • protein catalysts | plasma membranes | stomach lining
  • hormones | plasma membranes | gut lining
  • enzymes | plasma membranes | duodenum
  • enzymes | plasma membranes | gut lining

Frage 15

Frage
The enzyme amylase is secreted from the ___ and breaks down ___ into ___.
Antworten
  • salivary glands | starch | maltose
  • gastric glands | protein | polypeptides
  • pancreas | triglyceride | fatty acids and glycerol
  • salivary glands | protein | maltose
  • gastric glands | starch | maltose
  • pancreas | starch | sucrose

Frage 16

Frage
The enzyme pepsin is secrets from the ___ and breaks down ___ into ___.
Antworten
  • pancreas | protein | peptides
  • salivary glands | starch | fatty acids and glycerol
  • gastric glands | protein | peptides
  • pancreas | triglyceride | maltose

Frage 17

Frage
The enzyme lipase is secreted from the ___ and breaks down ___ into ___.
Antworten
  • gastric glands | triglyceride | maltose
  • pancreas | starch | polypeptides
  • salivary glands | protein | polypeptides
  • pancreas | triglyceride | glycerol and fatty acids

Frage 18

Frage
The human stomach is a __-shaped muscular bag located ___ in the ___, below the ___ and ___ .
Antworten
  • J | high | abdominal cavity | diaphragm | liver
  • L | high | abdominal cavity | rib cage | liver
  • J | low | rib cage | diaphragm | abdominal cavity
  • O | low | chest | liver | diaphragm

Frage 19

Frage
In the wall of the ___ there are millions of tiny pits called ___ which secrete the components of ___ .
Antworten
  • gut | gastric glands | gastric juice
  • stomach | gastric glands | gastric juice
  • stomach | salivary glands | amylase
  • gut | mucosa | gastric mucus

Frage 20

Frage
Examples of components of gastric juice secreted by gastric glands are:
Antworten
  • Chyme
  • Hydrochloric Acid
  • Pepsin
  • Other Protease Enzymes

Frage 21

Frage
The whole ___ lining is supplied with ___ that secrete ___ which is used to ___ and ___ .
Antworten
  • gut | mucus | goblet cells | shield the stomach from HCL and proteases of gastric juice | prevent autolysis
  • stomach | mucus cells | goblets | coat the inner lining of the stomach in HCL and proteases of gastric juice | bring on autolysis
  • stomach | goblet cells | mucus | shield the stomach's inner lining from HCL and proteases of gastric juice | prevent autolysis
  • gut | goblet cells | mucus | prevent autolysis | drain the stomach of the proteases of gastric juice

Frage 22

Frage
Digestion of carbohydrate, lipids and proteins is completed in the ___ where the innermost layer of the wall is formed into finger-like projections called ___ .
Antworten
  • small intestine | villi
  • pancreas | villi
  • small intestine | flagella
  • large intestine intestine | villi

Frage 23

Frage
Food enters the first part of the small intestine ( ___ ) and here the ___ meets the ___ from the ___ .
Antworten
  • ileum | chyme | bile | bile duct and pancreatic juice from the pancreas
  • duodenum | chyme | bile | bile duct and pancreatic juice from the pancreas
  • duodenum | bile | chyme | bile duct and pancreatic juice
  • duodenum | chyme | bile | bile duct and pancreatic juice from the pyloric sphincter

Frage 24

Frage
Bile is ___ and neutralises the ___ of the ___ . Though bile contains ___, it lowers the surface tension of large fat ___ and causes them to break into ___ -___ .
Antworten
  • strongly alkaline | acidity | chyme | no enzymes | globules | tiny droplets | emulsification
  • strongly alkaline | acidity | chyme | no enzymes | globules | tiny droplets | verification
  • slightly alkaline | acidity | tyme | no enzymes | droplets | tiny globules | emulsification
  • strongly alkaline | acidity | chyme | few enzymes | globules | tiny droplets | hydrolysation

Frage 25

Frage
___ contains many enzymes e.g. ___ that catalyse the hydrolysis of ___ to ___ , ___ and ___ .
Antworten
  • Pancreatic juice | amylase | starch | maltose | lipase | proteases
  • Pancreatic juice | amylase | peptides | maltose | lipase | proteases
  • Pancreatic juice | amylase | starch | lipase | maltose | proteases
  • Pancreatic juice | protease | starch | maltose | lipase | amylases

Frage 26

Frage
All the enzymes act as the ___ , ___ and ___ are mixed together - a form of ____ called ___.
Antworten
  • bile
  • chyme
  • peristalsis | segmentation
  • segmentation | peristalsis
  • pancreatic juice
  • peristalsis | segregation
  • salts
  • gastric juice

Frage 27

Frage
Villi in the ____ are coated with ___ that expend energy in the ___ of most of the products of digestion which involves ___ .
Antworten
  • large intestine | epithelial cells | diffusion | protein pump molecules in the plasma membrane activated by reaction with ATP.
  • small intestine | goblet cells | active transport | protein pump molecules in the plasma membrane activated by reaction with ATP.
  • small intestine | epithelial cells | active transport | protein pumps activated by reaction with ATP.
  • small intestine | epithelial cells | active transport | protein pump molecules in the plasma membrane activated by reaction with ADP.

Frage 28

Frage
Villi..
Antworten
  • provide a huge surface area for absorption.
  • single layer of small cells packed with mitochondria for active uptake across the plasma membrane.
  • lubricate the movement of digested food along the gut.
  • provide a large surface area for the uptake of amino acid and monosaccharides only.
  • provide a small surface area for absorption.

Frage 29

Frage
Epithelium cells..
Antworten
  • lubricate the movement of food along the gut.
  • are a branch of the lymphatic system into which triglycerides pass for transport to body cells.
  • provide a single layer of small cells packed with mitochondria for active uptake across the plasma membrane.
  • provide a large surface area for the diffusion of monosaccharides only.

Frage 30

Frage
Pump proteins in the plasma membranes of epithelium cells..
Antworten
  • actively transport substances across the plasma membrane into the villi.
  • actively transport substances across the plasma membrane into the blood stream.
  • actively transport substances across the villi into the epithelium cells.

Frage 31

Frage
Network of capillaries..
Antworten
  • provide a small surface area for the uptake of the products of digestion.
  • provide a large surface area for the products of digestion to be absorbed through via osmosis.
  • provide a large surface area for the uptake of the products of digestion.
  • lubricate the movement of food along the gut.

Frage 32

Frage
Lacteal..
Antworten
  • is a single layer of tiny cells packed with mitochondria for active uptake across the plasma membrane.
  • is a branch of the circulatory system into which triglycerides pass for transport to body cells.
  • provides a large surface area for the uptake of triglycerides and monosaccharides only.
  • is a branch of the lymphatic system into which triglycerides pass for transport to the blood stream.
  • is a branch of the lymphatic system into which triglycerides pass for transport to body cells.

Frage 33

Frage
Mucus from goblet cells in the epithelium..
Antworten
  • provides a large surface area for the active uptake of the products of digestion into the blood stream.
  • lubricates the movement of digested food among the villi and protects plasma membrane of epithelial cells.
  • facilitates the movement of undigested food from the blood stream into body cells.

Frage 34

Frage
In the first stage of assimilation, ___ are transported from the ___ by the ___ to the ___ .
Antworten
  • nutrients and amino acids | small intestine | capillary network | liver
  • amino acids | small intestine | capillary network | Ileum
  • nutrients | large intestine | villi | liver
  • nutrients and amino acids | small intestine | lacteal | anus

Frage 35

Frage
___ are absorbed as ___ into the ___ vessels and then carried by the ___ system to the blood circulation outside the heart.
Antworten
  • Lipids | fatty acids and glycerol | lacteal | circulatory
  • Lipids | fatty acids and glycerol | lacteal | lymphatic
  • Proteins | polypeptides | lacteal | lymphatic
  • Lipids | just glycerol | lacteal | lymphatic

Frage 36

Frage
The large intestine has no villi what reaches here is undigested matter such as :
Antworten
  • mucus
  • dead intestinal cells
  • dead interstitial cells
  • bacteria
  • starch
  • plant fibre
  • some mineral ions
  • monosaccharides
  • water
  • some fatty acids and glycerol
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