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The roots of contemporary psychological testing and assessment can be found in
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early twentieth -century France.
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early nineteenth- century Spain.
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eleventh-century B.C.E. China.
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mid-twentieth-century Las Vegas.
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a coefficient of correlation is an index of the
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degree to which one variable influences another
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strength of the relationship between two things
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way in which one event may cause another event
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all of the above.
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A reliability coefficient is an index of reliability that reflects the ratio between
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the error variance and the error variance squared.
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the true score variance on a test and the total variance.
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the true score variance on a test and the error variance squared.
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the true score variance and the error variance.
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Which is a source of error variance?
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Test construction.
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Test administration.
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Test scoring.
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All of the above.
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Item sampling is a source of error variance within the context of
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test construction.
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test administration.
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test scoring.
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all of the above.
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Which is NOT a form of reliability ?
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In general, as test length increases, test reliability
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Coefficient alpha is conceptually
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the variance of all possible sources of error variance.
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the mean of all possible split-half correlations.
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the standard deviation of all possible sources of variation.
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the estimate of inter-scorer reliability that is most robust.
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Francis Galton is best known for
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the study of individual differences
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group testing
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the concept of mental age
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eugenics and large scale implementation of IQ
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A researcher finds a correlation of .40 between personal income and the number of years of college completed. Based upon this finding he can conclude that
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a person who attended four years of college will have an annual income of $40,000.
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more years of education causes higher income.
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personal income is a positively skewed variable.
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more years of education are associated with higher income.
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4. Which of the following indicates the strongest relationship?
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r = .5
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r = .09
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r = - .6
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10% of shared variance
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According to classical test theory, errors of measurement are
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which term does not belong?
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range
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variance
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median
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standard deviation
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It is most appropriate to use the Spearman-Brown formula to estimate what form of reliability?
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An observed score is conceptually composed of a
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criterion and true score
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criterion and predictor
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error and predictor
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true score and error
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Assuming the distribution of scores to test A being normal (observed mean=50, observed SD=12) indicate the Z score corresponding to:
A raw score of 32: [blank_start]-1.5[blank_end]
A raw score of 62: [blank_start]1[blank_end]
A raw score of 50: [blank_start]0[blank_end]
A T score of 60: [blank_start]1[blank_end]
A deviation IQ score of 85: [blank_start]-1[blank_end]
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a key difference between the terms "psychological testing" and "psychological assessment" is that "psychological testing" refers to a process that
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involves more problem-solving than psychological assessment
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is more technician-like than psychological assessment
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was first decribed by Maloney and Warn in the mid-1970's
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is much broader in score than psychological testing
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Which is NOT typically a variable considered when evaluating the technical quality of a test?
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personality
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reliability
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validity
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normative data
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In the early 20th century, one solution for dealing with the problem of language and culture in mental ability testing was to
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totally ignore the issue.
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develop culture-free tests.
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develop culture-specific tests.
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translate tests into whatever language the immigrant spoke.
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Steps taken by test developers to ensure suitability of a test for use with people of different cultures include
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try-out of the test with various samples of test takers.
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use of panels of experts to review test items.
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analysis of test data to root out possible sources of bias.
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all of the above.
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"norms" is a term used in psychometrics to refer to the test performance data of
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people tested at a different time than another group of test takers.
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test takers who constitute a control group in an experiment.
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a particular group of test takers to be used for comparison.
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a sample of people with no prior training in the tested area.
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The term "norming" refers to the process of
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interpreting and re-interpreting norms.
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deriving or generating norms.
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distributing norms to members of target populations.
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putting a carpenter's personal signature on a work product.
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In the context of norming a test, a sample of the population refers to
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people deemed to be representative of the whole population.
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people deemed to be atypical of the whole population.
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a mixture of people who are both representative and atypical.
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a randomly selected group of people who share a characteristic.
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in the language of psychometrics, reliability refers primarily to
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Stated succinctly, test validity refers to a judgment concerning
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How consistent a test measures what it purports to measure.
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Why the test should or should not be used for a specific purpose.
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How well a test measures what it purports to measure.
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How sound the evidence is that supports conclusions from it.
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Which does NOT belong?
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Your brother did very well in Mrs. Jones's class. Now you are in her class and can't seem to do any wrong. You are probably the benefit of
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a generosity error.
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a halo effect.
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a clerical error.
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the Mel Gibson effect.
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The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule is a personality test that features ipsative scoring. This means that the strength of various needs of the testtaker may be compared
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to the strength of those needs in other test-takers
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to the strength of other needs of the same testtaker
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to the strength of needs expressed on the Mooney Problem Checklist.
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all of the above
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Which is most useful in determining whether different items on a test are measuring the same thing?
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Co-validation.
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Cross-validation.
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Factor analysis.
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Test tryout.
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Which person is best associated with the view that non-intellective factors such as personality, persistence, and goal awareness must be considered when measuring intelligence?
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Alfred Binet
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David Wechsler
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Sir Francis Galton
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Sir Rudy Guilliani
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Which type of intelligence is thought to be relatively culture-free in nature?
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The "Flynn Effect" is a reference to the phenomenon of
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"inflation" of measured intelligence on tests.
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"recession" in the ceiling effect for giftedness.
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gender differences in measured intelligence.
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culture loading of tests in terms of language
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Which does NOT belong
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WPPSI-R
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WAIS-III
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WISC-III
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WHIPSY-II
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Which served as the basis for the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator?
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the typology of John Holland
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the typology of Carl Jung
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the typology of Ray Rosenman
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the typology of Hippocrates
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As used in contemporary personality assessment, without linkage to any specific personality theory, "state" refers to
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the transitory exhibition of a personality trait.
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an inferred psychodynamic disposition.
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the condition one is in after a traumatic event.
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a modality useful in evaluation and assessment.
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The nomothetic approach to assessment is characterized by efforts to learn
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how a large number of traits can be applied to relatively few people.
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how each individual differs from the next in terms of personality traits.
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how a limited number of traits apply to all people.
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how the presumed strength of a trait may vary within the same individual.
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Evaluating the psychometric soundness of a test like the Rorschach is difficult because
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traditional construct validity evaluation procedures are not applicable.
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traditional test-retest reliability procedures are not applicable.
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the Rorschach taps enduring traits, not transient states.
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all of the above
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Army Alpha is best known for
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the first test to use non-verbal stimuli
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group testing
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the first psychometrically sound test
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the first culture-free test
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Properties of a normal distribution (which one does NOT belong)
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is bell shaped
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has a standard deviation of 1
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central tendencies indices are equal
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is also called a Gaussian distribution
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is symmetric
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Alfred Binet is best known for
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indicate the range of a correlation coefficient: [blank_start]-1[blank_end] to [blank_start]1[blank_end]
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" a good test measures what is purports to measure and does so in relatively consistent fashion." This classic statement is a reference to the
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degree to which a test is precise
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degree to which a test is concise
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degree to which a test is valid
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psychometric quality of a test
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Which one is a source of error variance?
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test administration
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test construction
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test scoring
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all of the above
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which type of validity is concerned with how the test is associated with a future outcome
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concurrent validity
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convergent validity
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predictive validity
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discriminant validity
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to which type of validity does the follow statement refer to " assess the extent to which it shows association with measures that it should be related to" ?
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face validity
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convergent validity
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concurrent validity
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discriminant validity
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which one is not a "linearly" transformed normed score
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Z score
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Stanine
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Deviation IQ
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T score
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Write the letter of the name to which it belongs
A. Galton
B. Cattell
C. Binet
D. Terman
E. Stern
F. Goddard
G. Army Alpha
H. Army Beta
IQ [blank_start]E[blank_end]
eugenics and large scale implementation of IQ [blank_start]F[blank_end]
stanford-binet [blank_start]D[blank_end]
mental age [blank_start]C[blank_end]
group testing G
study of individual differences [blank_start]A[blank_end]
nonverbal tests [blank_start]H[blank_end]
no relations between “mental tests” and academic achievement [blank_start]B[blank_end]
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What are the three measures of central tendency?
[blank_start]mean, median, mode[blank_end]
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measures of variability include the range, and what 3 others?
[blank_start]variance[blank_end], [blank_start]SD[blank_end], [blank_start]normal distribution[blank_end]
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normal distribution
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SD
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variance
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Label Validity and Reliability
1. [blank_start]Reliability[blank_end] is the extent to which an experiment, test, or any measure yields the same results on repeated trials; consistency.
2. [blank_start]Validity[blank_end] is the extent to which any test measure what it’s intended to test
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fill in the type of reliability (Parallel/Alternate forms, Test-retest reliability, Split Half, inter-rater reliability)
[blank_start]Test-retest reliability[blank_end]: an estimate of reliability obtained by correlating pairs of scores from the same people on two different administrations of the same test
[blank_start]Parallel/Alternate forms[blank_end]: Measure of equivalence, Administer 2 different forms to the same group of people at 2 different points in times; measure of correlation between the 2 forms of the test
[blank_start]inter-rater reliability[blank_end]: Measurement of equivalence or agreement between coders; 2 or more observers rate behavior and determine the amount of agreement between the 2 coders; measures the correlation between the ratings of the first rater and the second rater
[blank_start]Split Half[blank_end]: Group of items, split test items into two groups, correlation among the different halves of the test
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Test-retest reliability
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Parallel/Alternate forms
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inter-rater reliability
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Split Half
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Criterion validity includes
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concurrent
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predictive
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both a and b
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Construct Validity:
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Measures how well the test assesses some underlying construct -Show how scores on the measure differ between groups of people
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Assess whether the items on the measure match your definition on the construc
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looks for the correlation of the new measure with existing measures
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all of the above
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construct validity that indicates a high correlation between 2 constructs measured using 2 different methods is known as
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convergent validity
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divergent validity
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inter-item validity
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inter-rate validity
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Item difficulty is the proportion of examinees who get the item correct is calculated by the: # who got the item (pick one) correct/incorrect [blank_start]correct[blank_end] divide by the # who answered the item