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One reason copernicus's theory of the solar system was a better scientific theory than ptolemy's theory is because...
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Copernicus's theory is newer than Ptolemy's theory, and a newer theory is always better
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Copernicus's model predicts that we should observe stellar parallax (ptolmys predicts that we should not), and astronomers do observe stellar parallax.
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Ptolemy's model of the solar system was accepted by the church in 1600, whereas the church was against Copernicus's model.
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Ptolemy's model does not include and explanation for retrograde motion of the planets.
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true or false, the largest optical telescopes on earth are refractors.
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In a telescope, the star alberio is seen as a double star including a dimmer blue star and a brighter yellow star. Which star is hotter.
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The main function of an optical astronomical telescope is to
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make objects look bigger
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gather as much light as possible
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increase the sharpness of an image
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separate white light into its constituent colors
Frage 5
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on a day when mars rises in the southeast, in what direction will it set
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southwest
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southeast
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northeast
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northwest
Frage 6
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What kind of spectrum do you observe after passing a continuous spectrum through a cool, this gas
Frage 7
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our suns peak energy output occurs in what region of the electromagnetic spectrum
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infrared radiation
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red colored light
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green-blue colored light
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ultraviolet radiation
Frage 8
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which of these are types of ionzing radiation? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY
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infrared rays
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gamma rays
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microwaves
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ultra-long waves
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x-rays
Frage 9
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a partial lunar eclipse can only occur when the moon is in [blank_start]_[blank_end] phase
Frage 10
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The zodiac band of constellations straddles the
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celestial equator
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horizon
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milky way
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ecliptic
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zenith
Frage 11
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Approximately what time would the waxing gibbous phase of the moon be highest overhead? [blank_start]-[blank_end]
Frage 12
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what kind of spectrum do we see when we observe our sun?
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bright line
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dark line
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emission line
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maginot line
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continuous
Frage 13
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The most important feature of a good scientific theory is that
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the theory must not predict any phenomena that have not been observed in the past
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the predictions the theory makes must agree with observations
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the theory must agree with all previous theories
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the theory must work well for obtaining funding from the national science foundation
Frage 14
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if a star rises at 10:30 pm today (Thursday) what time will it rise TWO days later (on Saturday)
Frage 15
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compared to visible light, infrared radiation has... MARK TWO
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longer wavelength
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shorter wavelength
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higher energy photons
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lower energy photons
Frage 16
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mars in furthest from the sun when it is at
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perihelion
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apogee
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perigee
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aphelion
Frage 17
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the solar system model made by Copernicus...
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was heliocentric
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was centered on earth
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was geocentric
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was egocentric
Frage 18
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the radio receiver dishes of the VLA are spaced far apart to get
Frage 19
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in the solar system model of _____, mars actually move backward in space (relative to its normal direction of motion) when it is doing its retrograde motion. it doesn't just appear to move backward as seen from earth in this model
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newton
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copernicus
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ptolemy
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galileo
Frage 20
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What type of spectrum is given off by a hot, solid object, such as an incandescent light bulb filament? [blank_start]___[blank_end]
Frage 21
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True or false: the closer to the sun a planet orbits, the slower it moves.
Frage 22
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The two planets that never appear opposite in the sky from the sun are (CHOOSE TWO ANSWERS):
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jupiter
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mars
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mercury
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venus
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saturn
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neptune
Frage 23
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The moon displays a complete cycle of phases in one...
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sidereal month
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elliptic month
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solar week
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synodic month
Frage 24
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the method we use to determine the age of the earth is:
Frage 25
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The first person to report observing the phases of Venus with a telescope was
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tycho
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ptolemy
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galileo
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newton
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hubble
Frage 26
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a telescope lens forms an image using the principles of
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reflection
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refraction
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dispersion
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diffraction
Frage 27
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a star that is close enough to Polaris that it never rises or sets is called
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circumpolar
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zodiacal
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synodical
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annular
Frage 28
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Very accurate naked-eye observations make by ____ allowed _____ to derive his three laws of planetary motion. (choose one set of names to fill the blanks)
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newton/keplar
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keplar/newton
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newton/galileo
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tycho/kepler
Frage 29
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How would the mass of an object differ when measured on the earth and on the moon
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the mass is greater on the moon
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the ass is the same in both places
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the mass is less on the moon
Frage 30
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Polaris was not the earth's pole star 10000 years ago, this is because of
Frage 31
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an atom which had an electron removed is called
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a neutron
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an isotope
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an ion
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a fusion particle
Frage 32
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there are two questions with images on test one that could not be entered. look at them on your own. Type YES if you understand. [blank_start]___[blank_end]
Frage 33
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a necleus of an oxygen atom contains (mark all that apply)
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protons
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electrons
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waxons
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neutrons
Frage 34
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The greenhouse effect of the earths atmosphere keeps the earth warmer because...
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air is trasparent to incoming visible light, but partially opaque to outgoing infrared rays
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earth's magnetic field traps heat in the lower atmosphere
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the ozone layer is very efficient at reflecting cold rays back into outerspace
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the decay of radioactive elements inside the earth provides heat
Frage 35
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The layer of ozone in the earth's atmosphere...
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regulates earth's ocean temperature
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blocks some solar ultraviolet radiation
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creates the earth's magnetic field
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reflects dangerous gamma rays back to space
Frage 36
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Which part of the moon's serface is younger.
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the maria areas
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the cratered highlands
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the light-colored areas
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the mountain ranges
Frage 37
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the asteroid belt is bordered by the orbits of (choose 2 answers)
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titan
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neptune
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mars
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saturn
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jupiter
-
venus
Frage 38
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the solid part of a comet is called the [blank_start]____[blank_end]
Frage 39
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Comet tails are made of (mark all that apply)
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liquid water droplets
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molten metal droplets
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gas
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dust particles
Frage 40
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The most abundant gas in earth's current atmosphere is
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oxygen
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nitrogen
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helium
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ozone
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methane
Frage 41
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the 2ND most abundant gas in venus's atmosphere is
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nitrogen
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oxygen
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methane
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carbon dioxide
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hydrogen
Frage 42
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han solo has the millennium falcon <3 at Triton, and he has to pick up princess leia from the largest moon in our solar system. which way must he go?
Frage 43
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Which of the planets in our solar system that have rings has the smallest diameter? [blank_start]____[blank_end]
Frage 44
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we know that this planet has no global magnetic field
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uranus
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neptune
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murcury
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satern
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venus
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jupiter
-
earth
Frage 45
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although venus is further from the sun than murcury, venus has a thigher surface tempurature. why?
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Mercury is smaller in size than Venus, so it absorbs less sunlight
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Mercury has less mass than Venus so it cant hold the heat photons
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Venus has a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide
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Venus has a dense ozone layer
Frage 46
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theearth's magnetic feild is generated by
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the solid iron inner core vibrating rapidly
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a dynamo effect in the liquid outer core
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the shifting of plates in the earth's crust
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the solar wind plasma hitting the ozone layer
Frage 47
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the earth's surface does not contain large amounts of carbon dioxide because
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it chemically reacted with our helium
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it all escaped into space due to our low gravity
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our oceans and life forms remove it
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cows have removed all the co2 by inhaling it
Frage 48
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List a planet that exhibits retrograde rotation and is a terrestrial planet: [blank_start]__[blank_end]
Frage 49
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Compared to terrestrial planets, Jovian planets have (choose 3)
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greater density
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lower denisty
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fewer moons
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more moons
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faster rotation
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slower roation
Frage 50
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the asteroids in the asteroid belt are generally composed of
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rock & metal
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ice & gasses
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hydrogen & helium
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curds & whey
Frage 51
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the lump of metal we passed around in class is properly called a
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Meteorite
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meteroid
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meteroligest
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meteor
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meteor-senpai
Frage 52
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which of these materials are found in the polar caps on mars (mark all that apply)
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frozen oxygen
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water ice
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helium ice
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solid carbon dioxide
Frage 53
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The most common gas in the atmosphere of Saturn is
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nitrogen
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oxygen
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methane
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carbon dioxide
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hydrogen
Frage 54
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this planet has clouds made of concentrated sulfuric acid
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uranus
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neptune
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murcury
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saturn
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jupiter
-
venus
Frage 55
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the gas tail of a comet points away from the sun due to
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radiation pressure
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solar wind
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the sun's magnetic field
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"jets" from the comet
Frage 56
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the mean density of the earth is 5.5 times that of water, while the crust is only 3 times that of water. this suggests that..
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earth has a liquid core
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earth probably has a dense metal core
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earths core has a lower density than the crust
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earth's atmosphere is made mostly of oxygen
Frage 57
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the largest asteroid in the asteroid belt is
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ceres
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titan
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charon
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holestein
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angus
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guernsey
Frage 58
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the atmosphere of [blank_start]___[blank_end] has 1.5 times the surface pressure of the earth's atmosphere, is composed mainly of nitrogen, and has an opaque orange smog layer that hides the surface from the view of visible light telescopes.
Frage 59
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mars has a reddish surface color because
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the carbon dioxide in its atmosphere absorbs blue light, allowing red light to pass through.
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the temperature of the surface causes it to glow with a dull reddish orange color
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the single-cell organisms that cover its surface use a chlorophyll that is red, not green
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the surface material has been oxidized by oxygen that was previously in its atmosphere
Frage 60
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which planet or moon have we observed that has a crust composed of plates that shift position very slowly over time? [blank_start]__[blank_end]
Frage 61
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why did the Jovian planets only form n the outer part of the solar system?
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it was the only part of the solar nebula that contained hydrogen gas molecules
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the Jovian planets didn't have enough mass to attract rock and metal to form into terrestrials
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hydrogen molecules move slow enough out there for a forming planet to hold onto them
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it was too hot out there to melt rock and metal to form terrestrial planets
Frage 62
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where on our moon would you most likely find water ice
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in the sea of tranquility
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in some permanently-shadowed craters near the lunar poles
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in the largest craters near the lunar equator
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50 feet below the surfaces of all maria
Frage 63
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which of these has a sub-surface salt-water ocean
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europa
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venus
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mars
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jupiter
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mercury
Frage 64
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which of these rotates three times on its axis for every two orbits it makes
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euorpa
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venus
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mars
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jupiter
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mercury
Frage 65
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tidal forces in the earth-moon system are responsible for what effects (mark two)
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the length of earth's day is getting longer
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the length of earth's day is getting shorter
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the moon's orbit is getting smaller
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the moon's orbit is getting larger
Frage 66
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True or false: Neptune was discovered accidentally by William herchel using a 6-inch telescope
Frage 67
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the particles that hit the earth's atmosphere and burn up during a meteor shower
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large rocks from the asteroid belt
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particles left a comet trail along its oribt
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ice crystals streaming in from interstellar space
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ejecta from meteorite impacts on the lunar surface
Frage 68
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the oort cloud is located
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in venus' atmosphere
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in jupiters' atmosphere
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far beyond neptune
-
around io
Frage 69
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radiometric dating shows that the age of our solar system is [blank_start]_[blank_end] years.
Frage 70
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number the stages of stellar evolution our sun will go though in order (1 - 4). White dwarf [blank_start]__[blank_end] , red giant [blank_start]__[blank_end] , main sequence [blank_start]__[blank_end] , planetary nebula ejection [blank_start]___[blank_end] ,
Frage 71
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Of the spectral types listed below, which one corresponds to the coolest temperature stars:
Frage 72
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Where are red giant stars located on the H-R diagram
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along the left side
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along the top side
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in the upper right
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in the lower right
Frage 73
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what property is plotted vertically on an H-R diagram? [blank_start]__[blank_end]
Frage 74
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if the position of and evolving star on a H-R diagram is moving straight left over time, what is happening
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the star is getting more luminous
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the star is getting hotter
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the star is getting larger in diameter
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the star is getting less luminous
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the star is getting cooler
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the star is getting smaller in diameter
Frage 75
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the location of the main sequence turnoff point on the H-R diagram of a cluster tells us its
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mass
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chemical composition
-
age
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stellar population
Frage 76
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which element CANT be used by high mass starts as a fuel in nuclear fusion reactions to obtain energy
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carbon
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hydrogen
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helium
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silicon
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iron
Frage 77
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the boundary of a black hole is called the [blank_start]_[blank_end] [blank_start]_[blank_end]
Frage 78
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einstine's theory of general relitivity explains gravity in terms of
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the bending of space-time by matter, causing objects to follow curved geodesic paths
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quantum mechanical effects from the interactions of gravitons with higgs bosons
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a force of attraction between objects that depends on the electric charges of objects
-
the natural tendency for earthy substances to seek the center of the universe
Frage 79
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how do we know our galaxy has a very massove halo of "dark matter" if we cant see it
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from the spectrum of the halo
-
the dark matter does give off detectable radio waves
-
the ages of planetary nebulae
-
the dark matter affects the rotation of the galaxy
Frage 80
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the diameter of our galaxy is approximately [blank_start]__[blank_end] light years
Frage 81
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if you lower the temperature of a normal gas in a container...
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it expands
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its pressure decreases
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its molecules speed up
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it ionizes
Frage 82
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how do we know the interior structure of our sun
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because it is a gas so we can see all the way into the center
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space probes can send bursts of x-rays through the sun's core
-
its surface oscillation tell us about the interior (helioseismology)
-
we have landed seismographs on the surface of the sun at night. (apocryphilology)
Frage 83
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a type 1a supernove (which shows no hydrogen in its spectrum) results from the explosion of a
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very young star
-
very high-mass star
-
red dwarf
-
white dwarf
Frage 84
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what is the most common type of star in our galaxy
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red dwarf
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white dwarf
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green giant
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blue dwarf
Frage 85
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two stars, gimli and fezzik, are both spectral type m3, but fezzik has much greater luminosity than gimli. Therefore we know...
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gimli is hotter than fezzik
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gimli is cooler than fezzik
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gimli is larger than fezzik
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gimli is smaller than gezzik
Frage 86
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the gravitational collapse of a white dwarf is prevented by
Frage 87
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the maximum mass a white dwarf can have is ___ solar masses
Frage 88
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when a star first begins its life on the main sequence, what primarily determines where the star is located on the sequence
Frage 89
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the nuclear reactions in our sun produce energy because
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of the radioactive decay of helium necleus
-
a helium nucleus weights less than four hydrogen nuclei that form it by fusion
-
the reactions pull energy out of the suns magnetic field and radiate it into space
-
the reactions pull energy out of the suns rotation and radiate it into space
Frage 90
Antworten
-
black holes detected by their regular radio pulses
-
neutron stars that beam energy as they rotate rapidly
-
white dwarfs that change size
-
old planetary nebulae
Frage 91
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which of these can produce a black hole?
Antworten
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type B supernova
-
type 2 supernova
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type 1a supernova
-
regular nova
Frage 92
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how do the chemical composition of stars
Frage 93
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the photosphere of the sun has a temperature pf approximately [blank_start]___[blank_end] kelvin
Frage 94
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sunspots are __ than the surrounding photosphere
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hotter
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brighter
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cooler
-
bluer
Frage 95
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where are the most neutrinos produced in the sun
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center
-
chromosphere
-
photosphere
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corona
Frage 96
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the length of the sunspot cycle averages around ___ years
Frage 97
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the very hot, low density outer layer of the suns atmosphere is the
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corona
-
photosphere
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aggitosphere
-
chromosphere
Frage 98
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which stellar population formed first in our galaxy
Frage 99
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which of these stars would have the longest lifetime
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1.4 solar mass star
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0.4 solar mass star
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type B star
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50 solar mass star
Frage 100
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the two most abundant gasses in the interstellar medium are [blank_start]___[blank_end] and [blank_start]___[blank_end].
Frage 101
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which of these objects in our galaxy is the oldest
Frage 102
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what type of star produces a type 2 supernova
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white dwarf
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very high mass star
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red dwarf
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all of these
Frage 103
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we can learn the masses of various stars by observing
Antworten
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star tempuratures
-
binary star orbits
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parallax shifts of stars
-
stellar flares
Frage 104
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on a H-R diagram, most stars are located on the [blank_start]__[blank_end] [blank_start]___[blank_end].
Frage 105
Antworten
-
a collapsing protostar
-
a giant molecular cloud in orion
-
i giant molecular cloud
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a cluster of stars in the crab constellation
-
an expanding supernova remnant
-
the
-
largest globular cluster in the milky way