Module 1 - Patho (Ch. 1-4)

When a nurse observes muscle stiffening occurring within 6-14 hours after death, the nurse should document this finding as _____ present.

A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to:

A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called:

After a geneticist talks to the patient about being a chromosomal mosaic, the patient asks the nurse what that means. How should the nurse respond? You may _____ genetic disease(s).

A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with cervical cancer after a Pap smear. Which of the following cellular changes would the nurse most likely see on the report?

A family presents to their primary care provider reporting headache, nausea, weakness, and vomiting. Which of the following would be the most likely explanation for these symptoms?

A child is born with blue eyes (bb). The child's mother has blue eyes and the father has brown eyes. Which of the following represents the father?

A group of prison inmates developed tuberculosis following exposure to an infected inmate. On examination, tissues were soft and granular (like clumped cheese). Which of the following is the most likely cause?

A 50-year-old female became infected with Clostridium bacteria and died a week later. Examination of her red blood cells revealed lysis of membranes. Which of the following was the most likely cause of her death?

A couple has three offspring: one child with an autosomal dominant disease trait and two who are normal. The father is affected by the autosomal dominant disease, but the mother does not have the disease gene. What is the recurrence risk of this autosomal dominant disease for their next child?

A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition?

Which of the following mutations have the most significant effect on protein synthesis?

The condition in which an extra portion of a chromosome is present in each cell is called:

When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, which of the following occurs?

A nurse recalls the basic components of DNA are:

The gradual increase in height among the human population over the past 100 years is an example of:

To express a polygenic trait:

A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process?

A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with:

A normal male and a female carrier for red-green color blindness mate. Given that red-green color blindness is an X-linked recessive trait, what is the likelihood of their children being affected?

A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis and ischemia. Once oxygen returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury occurred as a result of:

While reading a textbook, the student reads the term, "apoptosis." The student recalls that apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:

During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as _____ atrophy.

A 55-year-old male has swelling of the feet. Which of the following aided in development of swelling?

A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor vehicle accident. CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain. Which type of injury will the nurse be caring for?

Mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence and thus have no consequence are termed _____ mutations.

A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse recalls that muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell:

Which of these conditions follows a multifactorial pattern of inheritance?

A person's phenotype can be best described as:

The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing?