Animal Cell Differentiation

Which of the following correctly describe the adaptations of spermatozoa?

Neutrophils are a type of [blank_start]white[blank_end] blood cell which have a [blank_start]multi[blank_end]-[blank_start]lobed[blank_end] nucleus. Their main role is to [blank_start]phagocytose[blank_end] invading pathogens.

Connective tissue is made up of specialised cells.

Cartilage is secreted by cells called [blank_start]chondroblasts[blank_end], which mature into [blank_start]chondrocytes[blank_end], responsible for [blank_start]maintaining[blank_end] the ECM. The three types of cartilage are [blank_start]hyaline[blank_end], f[blank_start]ibrous[blank_end], and e[blank_start]lastic[blank_end].

Red blood cells are also known as [blank_start]erythrocytes[blank_end]. Their main role is to transport [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] and carbon dioxide around the body. They are specialised to fulfil this purpose thanks to their [blank_start]biconcave[blank_end] shape which gives them a large [blank_start]surface[blank_end] [blank_start]area[blank_end]. Also, in order to increase room for [blank_start]haemoglobin[blank_end] inside the cell, they don't have any [blank_start]organelles[blank_end].

[blank_start]Epithelial[blank_end] cells form a [blank_start]lining[blank_end] in many different organs and structures. The cells are joined together by [blank_start]tight junctions[blank_end] which facilitates [blank_start]communication[blank_end] and keeps them [blank_start]tightly packed[blank_end]. Some have cilia, for example in [blank_start]the respiratory tract[blank_end], which help waft [blank_start]mucus[blank_end] and foreign particles up to the throat. Others have microvilli, for example in [blank_start]the digestive tract[blank_end], to [blank_start]increase[blank_end] surface area and increase rate of [blank_start]absorption[blank_end]. These type of cell tend to have [blank_start]short[blank_end] cell life cycles.

Which type of muscle is responsible for contractions in the intestine?

Which of the following are organ systems? Check all that apply.

Stem cells do not exist in adults.

IPSCs are [blank_start]induced[blank_end] [blank_start]pluripotent[blank_end] [blank_start]stem[blank_end] [blank_start]cells[blank_end].

[blank_start]Stem cells[blank_end] are a hot topic in scientific research because of their wide range of potential applications, including cancer therapy, treatment of immune diseases, and regeneration of damaged tissues and organs. If stem cells can become [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] cells, they can be used to treat Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Growing organs from a patient's own stem cells avoids the need for [blank_start]immunosuppressive therapy[blank_end]. This is called [blank_start]regenerative[blank_end] medicine. They're also key in understanding aspects of [blank_start]developmental[blank_end] biology. Finally, stem cells can be used to grow organs on which to safely test new therapeutic drugs.