8236741
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Quiz von Alexandra Bozan, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Alexandra Bozan
vor mehr als 7 Jahre
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Frage 1
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Compared with the inside of the cell, the outside of most cell membranes is
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positive
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negative
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equal
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none of the above
Frage 2
Frage
The difference in electrical charge across a plasma membrane is called
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a. depolarization
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b. membrane potential
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c. both a and b
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d. none of the above
Frage 3
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A neuron's resting membrane potential is
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70 mV
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-70 mV
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30 mV
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-30 mV
Frage 4
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Which of the following statements is true concerning the sodium-potassium pump?
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Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every two potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
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Two sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
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Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three chloride ions pumped into the neuron.
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Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
Frage 5
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A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be polarized.
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- True
- False
Frage 6
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A slight shift away from the resting membrane potential in a specific region of the plasma membrane is often called a stimulus-gated channel.
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- True
- False
Frage 7
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Chlorine ions are the dominant extracellular cations
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- True
- False
Frage 8
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During a relative refractory period
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an action potential is impossible
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an action potential is possible only in response to a very strong stimuli
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an action potential is occurring
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none of the above
Frage 9
Frage
Voltage-gated channels are
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membrane channels that close during voltage fluctuations
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ion channels that open in response to voltage fluctuations
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membrane channels that are altered from an extremely high stimulus
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none of the above
Frage 10
Frage
The larger the diameter of a nerve fiber
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the slower the speed of conduction
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the faster the speed of conduction
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Fiber diameter does not influence speed of conduction
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the more the speed fluctuates
Frage 11
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Action potential and nerve impulse are synonymous
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- True
- False
Frage 12
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When repolarization has occurred, an impulse can't be conducted
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- True
- False
Frage 13
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The action potential is an all-or-none response
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- True
- False
Frage 14
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Many anesthetics function by inhibiting the opening of sodium channels and thus blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses
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- True
- False
Frage 15
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Which of the following structures is not a main component of a chemical synapse?
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synaptic knob
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synaptic cleft
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synaptic proces
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plasma membrane of postsynaptic neuron
Frage 16
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A synaptic knob is located on the
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synaptic cleft
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axon
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dendrite
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cell body
Frage 17
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Which of the following is true of spatial summation?
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Nuerotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron.
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Simultaneous stimulation of more than one postsynaptic neuron occurs.
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Impulses are fired in a rapid succession by the same neuron.
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Speed of impulse transmission is increased when several neurotransmitters are released
Frage 18
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In an adult, the nervous system is replete with both electrical synapses and chemical synapses.
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- True
- False
Frage 19
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Rapid-succession stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by a synaptic knob can have a cumulative effect over time that can result in an action potential.
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- True
- False
Frage 20
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Ca++ ions cause the release of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft.
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- True
- False
Frage 21
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Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to
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presynaptic terminals
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the synaptic cleft
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the base of the axon
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the receptors on the postsynaptic terminal
Frage 22
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The main chemical classes of neurotransmitters include all of the following except
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acetylcholine
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norepinephrine
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amino acids
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amine
Frage 23
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Which of the following is not an example of an amine neurotransmitter?
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serotonin
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histamine
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glycine
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dopamine
Frage 24
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Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in which of the following neurotransmitters?
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acetylcholine
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amino acids
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amines
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neuropeptides
Frage 25
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Which of the following is not a catecholamine?
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epinephrine
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norepinephrine
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dopamine
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serotonin
Frage 26
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Many biologists now believe that neuropeptides are the most common neurotransmitters in the CNS.
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- True
- False
Frage 27
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Cocaine produces a temporary feeling of well-being by blocking the uptake of dopamine.
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- True
- False
Frage 28
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Neuroscience has advanced to a point at which the neuron doctrine has been expanded to include concepts of the [blank_start]reticular[blank_end] [blank_start]theory[blank_end].
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reticular
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theory
Frage 29
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The concentration of neurotransmitters at synapses in certain neural pathways can affect [blank_start]health[blank_end].
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health
Frage 30
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[blank_start]Neurotrophins[blank_end] are nerve growth factors that are released by various cells of the body.
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Neurotrophins
Frage 31
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When more than one presynaptic axon synapses with a single postsynaptic neuron, [blank_start]convergence[blank_end] occurs.
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convergence
Frage 32
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When a single presynaptic axon synapses with many different postsynaptic neurons, [blank_start]divergence[blank_end] occurs.
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divergence
Frage 33
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Multiple sclerosis is a myelin disorder.
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- True
- False
Frage 34
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Physical injury, causing nerve damage, can cause local or widespread loss of sensation and/or motor control.
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- True
- False
Frage 35
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Nerve conduction does not occur due to fluctuations in the concentration of ions.
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- True
- False
Frage 36
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Myasthenia gravis is a bacterial disorder.
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- True
- False
Frage 37
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Parkinson disease is a failure to release adequate dopamine at the synapse of certain motor pathways.
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- True
- False
Frage 38
Frage
A synaptic knob is a tiny bulge at the end of the [blank_start]presynaptic[blank_end] neuron's axon.
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presynaptic
-
postsynaptic
Frage 39
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Acetylcholine is an example of a [blank_start]neurotransmitter[blank_end].
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neurotransmitter
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protein molecule receptor
Frage 40
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Neurotransmitters are chemicals that allow neurons to [blank_start]communicate[blank_end] with one another.
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communicate
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reproduce
Frage 41
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Neurotransmitters are distributed [blank_start]specifically[blank_end] into groups of neurons.
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specifically
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randomly
Frage 42
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Endorphins and enkephalins are neurotransmitters that inhibit conduction of [blank_start]pain[blank_end].
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pain
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fear
Frage 43
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A synonym commonly used for action potential is [blank_start]nerve impulse[blank_end].
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nerve impulse
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depolarization
Frage 44
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In myelinated fibers, action potentials in the membrane occur only at the nodes of Ranvier. This type of impulse conduction is called [blank_start]saltatory conduction[blank_end].
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saltatory conduction
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postsynaptic conduction
Frage 45
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A membrane that exhitbits a membrane potential is said to be [blank_start]polarized[blank_end].
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polarized
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myelinated
Frage 46
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A wave of electrical fluctuation that travels along the plasma membrane is called a [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] [blank_start]impulse[blank_end].
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nerve
-
impulse
Frage 47
Frage
The membrane potential maintained by a nonconducting neuron's plasma membrane is called the [blank_start]resting[blank_end] [blank_start]membrane[blank_end] [blank_start]potential[blank_end].
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resting
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membrane
-
potential
Frage 48
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Movement of the membrane potential away from zero (thus below the usual RMP) is called [blank_start]hyperpolarization[blank_end].
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hyperpolarization
Frage 49
Frage
Three structures make up a chemical synapse. They are [blank_start]plasma[blank_end] [blank_start]membrane[blank_end] [blank_start]of[blank_end] [blank_start]a[blank_end] [blank_start]postsynaptic[blank_end] [blank_start]neuron[blank_end], [blank_start]synaptic[blank_end] [blank_start]know[blank_end] and the [blank_start]synaptic[blank_end] [blank_start]cleft.[blank_end]
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plasma
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membrane
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of
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a
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postsynaptic
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neuron
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synaptic
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knob
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synaptic
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cleft.
Frage 50
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Long-term memories (months or years) require [blank_start]structural[blank_end] changes in the synapse, such as more vesicles or more vesicle release sites.
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structural
Frage 51
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The unique neurotransmitter that combines acetate with choline is acetylcholine. It is deactivated by [blank_start]acetylcholinesterase[blank_end].
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acetylcholinesterase
Frage 52
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An example of a catecholamine is [blank_start]dopamine[blank_end].
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dopamine
Frage 53
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Two major function classifications of neurotransmitters are excitatory neurotransmitters and [blank_start]inhibitory[blank_end] [blank_start]neurotransmitters[blank_end].
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inhibitory
-
neurotransmitters
Frage 54
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The function of a neurotransmitter is determined by the postsynaptic receptor.
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- True
- False
Frage 55
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Nuetotrophins stimulate neuron development but also can act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.
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- True
- False
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