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Atomic pollution and Climate Change

Beschreibung

Economics
June May
Quiz von June May, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
June May
Erstellt von June May vor mehr als 7 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
Which factors contribute to sea level rise due to climate change?
Antworten
  • Increased numbers of floods
  • Rapid melting of arctic ice
  • Thermal expansion and melting of land-bound ice
  • Slow sinking of the continents
  • Enhanced precipitation

Frage 2

Frage
The green house gas effect can be explained by
Antworten
  • Wavelength dependence of absorption of radiation by GHG
  • Ozone depletion in the stratosphere
  • The elliptic path of the earth around the sun
  • Enhanced reflection of long wave radiation by GHG
  • Enhanced concentration of dust and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere

Frage 3

Frage
Because saturation vapour pressure depends on the surface on which it occurs
Antworten
  • Lifting of air masses leads to condensation
  • Clouds grow rapidly when ice particles are introduced
  • Small drops grow at the cost of large drops
  • Mixing of warmer and colder air masses can lead to mixing fog

Frage 4

Frage
Airborne radionuclide concentrations are especially relevant for
Antworten
  • Infiltration and Submersion
  • Ingestion and Inhalation
  • Ingestion and Submersion
  • Inhalation and Submersion
  • Exposition and Ingestion

Frage 5

Frage
Occult deposition is
Antworten
  • An as yet undiscovered deposition
  • Deposition that is not yet fully understood
  • Deposition by fog, dew, etc.
  • Deposition pollutants attached to aerosols

Frage 6

Frage
For the development of the ozone hole in the Antarctic the following are decisive:
Antworten
  • High CFC concentrations and lack of solar radiation
  • High CFC concentrations and temperatures below zero
  • High CFC concentration and climate change
  • Temperatures below -80°C and little air mass exchange

Frage 7

Frage
the double strategy in Austrian air pollution policy consists of
Antworten
  • Limiting synergistic pollutants simultaneously
  • Requiring the pollutants and the affected to contribute to emission reductions
  • Increasing stack heights and emission standards
  • Limiting emission according to state-of-the-art-technology and to stay within air quality

Frage 8

Frage
An end-of-pipe measure is e.g.:
Antworten
  • Using more efficient technologies
  • Implementing an emission trading scheme
  • Filter flue gases
  • Technological improvements in the process
  • Desulfurization of oil

Frage 9

Frage
Present day GHG emissions of the average Austrian are around
Antworten
  • 50 t per year
  • 1 t per year
  • 100 t per year
  • Not quantifiable
  • 10 t per year

Frage 10

Frage
Climate change does not involve
Antworten
  • Changes in precipitation
  • Frequency of extreme events
  • More intense earthquakes
  • Melting of polare ice
  • Temperature change

Frage 11

Frage
Which are not typical effects of mountain valleys or basins?
Antworten
  • Inducing thermally driven circulations
  • Strong dispersion of pollutants
  • Development of cold air basins due to drainage flow
  • Inversions
  • Channelling flow

Frage 12

Frage
Stratospheric ozone concentration
Antworten
  • Is falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer
  • Is falling worldwide
  • Is falling in equatorial regions in winter
  • Is falling in midlatitudes in winter and strongly falling over Antarctica

Frage 13

Frage
In the climate debate tipping points are understood to describe
Antworten
  • Points ate which the planet becomes uninhabitable
  • Points beyond which positive feedback mechanisms can no longer be contained by humans
  • Points of time in policy debate when decisive steps are taken
  • Geographical locations where decisive climate process

Frage 14

Frage
Under clear sky conditions in summer ozone levels are especially high in Vienna
Antworten
  • On weekdays
  • During traffic peaks
  • On Sundays and holidays
  • On Mondays
  • On Saturdays
  • In the early morning

Frage 15

Frage
What is NOT true of radioactive decay
Antworten
  • Is the only way to deplete radio nuclei
  • Disappears after 5 half-life times
  • Depends only on the radio nuclide
  • Is independent of external influences
  • Can vary over orders of magnitude

Frage 16

Frage
Which of the following issues is not a mesoscale pollution problem
Antworten
  • Fine particles (PM)
  • Tropospheric zone
  • Persistent organic compounds (POP)
  • Green house gases
  • Radio active substances

Frage 17

Frage
The IPAT equation or Kaya Identity can be used to explain
Antworten
  • The impact of population, air pollution and technology on environmental degradation
  • The impact of green house gas emission on climate
  • The extent to which ecological boundaries have been crossed
  • The impact of world population, affluence and technology on green house gas emission
  • The impact of lifestyles on environmental quality and tipping points

Frage 18

Frage
What was the original definition of smog
Antworten
  • A combination of smoke and fog
  • High concentration of photo chemicals
  • Cigarette smoke
  • High ozone concentrations

Frage 19

Frage
Dispersion models typically consists of 3 modules:
Antworten
  • Transport Module, Immission Module, Impact Module
  • Meteorology Module, Chemistry Module, Deposition Module
  • Emission Module, Transmission Module, Immission Module
  • Meteorology Module, Chemistry Module, Transport Module
  • Meteorology Module, Transport Module, Deposition Module

Frage 20

Frage
Trajectories are an important part of which kind of dispersion models?
Antworten
  • Gaussian models
  • Diffusion models
  • Langrangian models
  • Richardson models
  • Eulerian models

Frage 21

Frage
Near the earths surface temperature increases with height
Antworten
  • When wind speed increase with height
  • When wind speed is low and the radiation balances at the surface is negative
  • Because the distance from sun decrease
  • When atmospheric radiation exceeds terrestrial radiation
  • When warm air rises from heated surfaces
  • When an inversion break up

Frage 22

Frage
Chronic damage caused by air pollution can be prevented
Antworten
  • Standards expressed in high percentiles
  • Limiting maximum concentration
  • Short term standards, e.g.: hourly means
  • Long term standards, e.g.: yearly means

Frage 23

Frage
In an idealised valley the following local circulations are to be expected in fair weather on the early afternoon
Antworten
  • only valley wind
  • valley- and down slope wind
  • valley and up slope wind
  • only down slope wind
  • Mountain and down slope wind

Frage 24

Frage
In order for a cloud to rain, cloud droplets must grow
Antworten
  • through coagulation and coalescence with other droplets
  • through freezing and melting
  • and rech a size 100 times that a small cloud droplet
  • through transpiration and evaporation
  • through compression and density increase
  • through condensation and diffusion

Frage 25

Frage
Which of the following radiative processes leads to energy conversion?
Antworten
  • Reflexion
  • Absorption
  • Refraction
  • Diffusion

Frage 26

Frage
Concentrations caused at a specific point by a continuous point source vary strongly
Antworten
  • in inversions
  • in unstable layers
  • in neutral layers
  • in stable layers under strong wind conditions
  • in isothermal layers near the ground

Frage 27

Frage
The troposphere
Antworten
  • is the bottom layer of the atmosphere in which temperature decreases with height
  • is the lower part of the planetary boundary layer
  • is the lower part of the stratosphere and characterised by temperature increases with height
  • consists of the planetary boundary layer and the turbulent surface layer

Frage 28

Frage
Boundaries of the global ecological system seem to have been exceeded regarding
Antworten
  • climate change, nitrogen cycle and phosphorus cycle
  • nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle and biodiversity loss
  • ocean acidification, nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss
  • climate change, nitrogen cycle and biodiversity loss
  • climate change, ocean acidification and biodiversity loss

Frage 29

Frage
The following is NOT correct regarding albedo
Antworten
  • Average over the whole globe, albedo is about 5%
  • Albedo is higher for snow than for bitumen
  • Albedo is reflectivity averages over all wave lengths
  • Albedo is the ration of reflected to incoming radiation
  • Albedo increases with the temperature of the reflecting body

Frage 30

Frage
The atmosphere is characterised by
Antworten
  • about 80% nitrogen, 20% oxygen and 1% Argon content
  • about 0,03 CO2 and 0,05 water vapour content
  • about 80% oxygen and 20% hydrogen content near the surface
  • rapid increase of CO2 and decreases of oxygen concentration
  • good mixing of gases up to 120km height

Frage 31

Frage
Which of the following does not heat up faster than global average
Antworten
  • Continents
  • Arctic
  • Alpine region
  • Oceans

Frage 32

Frage
In what latitudes do the highest stratospheric ozone concentration occur?
Antworten
  • 20°
  • 60°
  • 80°
  • 45°

Frage 33

Frage
The declared aim of the policy of high stacks was to
Antworten
  • Enhanced the chimney effect and create higher effective stack heights
  • Make use of higher wind speed
  • Reduce maximum immissions on the ground
  • Delay deposition
  • Distribute pollutants over larger areas

Frage 34

Frage
Global temperatures increases over the last 150 years is about
Antworten
  • 0,2°C
  • 1,2°C
  • 0,8°C
  • 0,4°C

Frage 35

Frage
What process is not part of dispersion of pollutants in air?
Antworten
  • Interception
  • Diffusion
  • Decay
  • Deposition
  • Sedimentation

Frage 36

Frage
Clinical studies to determine concentration limits for humans help to
Antworten
  • Replace experiments using animals
  • Study exposures under normal conditions
  • Understand systematic dose-effect relationships
  • Study the effect of high exposures

Frage 37

Frage
What is characteristic of an Eulerian model?
Antworten
  • The limited amount of input data and numerical capacity needed
  • A coordinate system that is fixed relative to the earth surface
  • The good representation of point sources
  • A grid with increasingly smaller dimensions

Frage 38

Frage
What is the dual role of CFCs in the atmosphere?
Antworten
  • Enhanced chemical reactions and produce stratospheric ozone
  • Enhanced chemical reactions and destroy tropospheric ozone
  • Contribute to global warming as GHG and deplete ozone
  • Destroy ozone and contribute to Global Dimming

Frage 39

Frage
Inversions can cause high immission concentrations near the ground
Antworten
  • When pollutants are emitted below the inversion
  • Because heating is especially intense in these periods
  • When pollutants are emitted into the inversion through high stacks
  • Because pollutants are pressed downward

Frage 40

Frage
Sulfates can cover large distances in the atmosphere because
Antworten
  • They are released in great heights
  • They are not easily washed-out
  • Their lifetime in the atmosphere is long
  • They are especially light compared to their size

Frage 41

Frage
What data are not relevant for emission inventories?
Antworten
  • Geographical position of sources
  • Flue gas temperature
  • Stack height
  • Wind speed
  • Emission rates of different pollutant groups

Frage 42

Frage
What human impact does not (yet) exceed the resilience boundaries of the global ecosystems?
Antworten
  • Climate change
  • Biodiversity loss
  • Acidification of the ocean
  • Nitrogen cycle

Frage 43

Frage
Gaussian models for continuous point sources assume that
Antworten
  • Emission occur at least 10 m above ground
  • life time of pollutants is limited
  • Wind speed exceeds 1 m/s
  • Pollutant concentration is uniform within the plume

Frage 44

Frage
Stratospheric ozone concentration
Antworten
  • Is falling in midlatitudes in winter, constant in summer
  • Is falling worldwide
  • Is falling in midlatitudes and strongly over Antarctica
  • Is falling in equatorial regions in winter

Frage 45

Frage
What part of the solar spectrum is primarily responsible for the cancer in human skin?
Antworten
  • UVA
  • UVC
  • Roentgen waves
  • UVB
  • Infra-red

Frage 46

Frage
Protections regarding climate in the future do not rely on:
Antworten
  • Assumptions on GHG emissions
  • An understanding of radiation
  • Assumptions on the development of the world population
  • Mathematical models to simulate physical processes in the atmosphere
  • Statistical extrapolations of the climate change of the past

Frage 47

Frage
Air flow is influences near buildings
Antworten
  • But the induced turbulence is irrelevant for dispersion
  • Up to about 150m behind the building
  • The stronger, the smaller the building is
  • In the vertical within about 2,5 times the height of the building

Frage 48

Frage
Which is no Green House Gas (GHG
Antworten
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water vapour
  • Methane
  • Ozone

Frage 49

Frage
What feedback mechanism is reinforcing (=positive)?
Antworten
  • Increase in CO2, increased biomass, increased evaporation, cooling
  • Temperature decreases, more glaciers, higher Albedo
  • Temperature increase, increased evaporation, increased cloud cover
  • Temperature increase, forest fires, increased Albedo

Frage 50

Frage
Deposition reaches generally its highest values
Antworten
  • Chemical transformation
  • Occult deposition
  • Sedimentation
  • Wet deposition

Frage 51

Frage
Emission reductions necessary to meet the 2°C goal are consistent with
Antworten
  • 80% reduction in industrialised and unlimited emissions in other nations
  • 50% reduction of GHG emissions in industrialised nations
  • Full use of conventional and unconventional reserves
  • About 1t of CO2 per person and year till 2050 in industrialised nations
  • GHG emissions about three times the amount already emitted

Frage 52

Frage
Which is a secondary pollutant?
Antworten
  • Aerosols
  • Sulfur dioxide
  • Nitrogen oxide
  • Ozone

Frage 53

Frage
Expected temperature increases in Austria in the next 20-50 years is about
Antworten
  • 2-4°
  • 0,5-1°
  • 4-6°
  • 5-10°

Frage 54

Frage
Which is not a component of the radiation balance at the earth's surface
Antworten
  • diffuse or sky radiation
  • atmospheric radiation
  • celestrial radiation
  • terrestrial radiation
  • direct solar radiation

Frage 55

Frage
The effect source height
Antworten
  • is defined as the sum of stack height and plume rise
  • depends on the emitted pollutants
  • is equal to stack height for hot effluents
  • is near 40 km for stratospheric ozone
  • increases with air temperature

Frage 56

Frage
Climate change is scientifically proven by... increase of global mean temperature
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 57

Frage
What is the significance of oceans in the global carbon cycle? A sink, but may become a source
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 58

Frage
What is not part of geo-engineerying? Substitution of fossil energy sources
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 59

Frage
Which of the following pollutants are GHGs? All? Ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 60

Frage
Radiation balances is clearly negative... night time, strong wind, fog
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 61

Frage
Which of the following radiative processes leads to energy conversion?
Antworten
  • Reflexion
  • Diffusion
  • Refraction
  • Absorption
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