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Developmental Psychology

Beschreibung

Degree Psychology Quiz am Developmental Psychology, erstellt von Ben Armstrong am 26/04/2017.
Ben Armstrong
Quiz von Ben Armstrong, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Ben Armstrong
Erstellt von Ben Armstrong vor mehr als 7 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
A strong advantage of the longitudinal design is
Antworten
  • that informed consent is not necessary.
  • its ability to discern amongst cohorts.
  • that it follows development of individuals.
  • that it protects from selective attrition.

Frage 2

Frage
The long-term stability of children’s temperament is most properly studied
Antworten
  • experimentally.
  • cross-sectionally.
  • longitudinally
  • speculatively

Frage 3

Frage
Which of these is NOT among the five measurements that make up the APGAR test for neonates?
Antworten
  • muscle tone
  • heart rate
  • reflex irritability
  • attention span

Frage 4

Frage
In recent decades, the age of viability has advanced earlier in the period of the fetus because of
Antworten
  • the increasing rate of single parenthood
  • the perfusion of toxic chemicals in food and water
  • better maternal nutrition
  • advances in medical technology

Frage 5

Frage
Reasoning by verbal analogy: MATERNITY BLUES are to POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION as __________ is to __________.
Antworten
  • PRIMATE / HUMAN
  • POSITIVE / NEGATIVE
  • FATHER / MOTHER
  • MILD / INTENSE

Frage 6

Frage
When adults interpret emotions displayed by babies in their first months of life, they
Antworten
  • are unreliable and inaccurate
  • do better with negative emotions than with positive
  • do better with positive emotions than with negative
  • are highly accurate regardless of the type of emotion

Frage 7

Frage
"Social referencing" refers to the child's ability to
Antworten
  • categorise people or animals as good or bad
  • use the reactions of others to interpret an ambiguous stimulus or situation
  • hide one's own true inner feelings
  • understand that others' feelings differ from your own

Frage 8

Frage
Which of these is NOT among the several methods for studying infants’ sensation / perception?
Antworten
  • habituation / dishabituation
  • high-amplitude sucking
  • deferred imitation
  • evoked potentials

Frage 9

Frage
Sandra’s mum has no time to look into a mirror. Which flaws is 6-month-old Sandra LEAST likely to notice?
Antworten
  • very smudged eye shadow
  • a big bruise on mum’s nose
  • a piece of pasta hanging off mum’s chin
  • a crow’s nest in mum’s hair

Frage 10

Frage
As little Benny masters object permanence, which behaviour represents the most advanced understanding?
Antworten
  • passively waiting for an object to reappear
  • anticipating invisible displacements
  • making an A-not-B error
  • looking at another toy as the first one disappears from view

Frage 11

Frage
Cernunnos's dad is upset and cries. Cernunnos gives his teddy to dad to hold, and tells dad he will feel better if he hugs that teddy. According to Piaget, Cernunnos is showing
Antworten
  • egocentrism
  • decentered emotionality
  • sympathetic empathetic concern
  • animism

Frage 12

Frage
Reasoning by verbal analogy, Piaget’s view is to Vygotsky’s view as ________ is __________ to .
Antworten
  • egocentrism / other’s viewpoint
  • adolescence / childhood
  • flexibility / rigidity
  • solitary / social

Frage 13

Frage
For Vygotsky, private speech is
Antworten
  • meaningless babbling
  • entirely silent and cannot be heard by others
  • passive reporting on thoughts after they have happened
  • self-talk that helps children to plan their thoughts

Frage 14

Frage
A basic definition of imitation is
Antworten
  • doing an action after seeing it done
  • repeating an action after getting reinforcement
  • varying a response to achieve reinforcement
  • repeating an action

Frage 15

Frage
Generalised imitation, a higher-order skill investigated by researchers in Bangor and other behaviour analysts, denotes an
Antworten
  • ability to copy actions
  • ability to copy a variety of actions
  • ability to copy a variety of novel actions
  • ability to copy a variety of novel actions without external reinforcement

Frage 16

Frage
A toddler is able to name many objects and events. He hears a familiar word /cat/. This makes him
Antworten
  • look to find a cat
  • try to pet the cat
  • neither look or try to pet but may echo the word ‘cat’
  • both look and and try to pet – and he may echo the word ‘cat’

Frage 17

Frage
The set of emotions that are closely tied to cognitive development, particularly self-recognition and an understanding of social norms is
Antworten
  • interest, distress, disgust, and contentment
  • anger, surprise, fear, and sadness
  • embarrassment, shame, guilt, and pride
  • joy, happiness, frustration, and boredom

Frage 18

Frage
Bellona is 8 months old. She turns away and starts crying when a stranger approaches her pram in the supermarket. This reaction would
Antworten
  • be unusual in a child at that age
  • be evidence that Belinda was insecurely attached
  • be considered a typical response to a stranger for a child of that age (but not necessarily a universal response)
  • simply indicate that Belinda is tired or hungry

Frage 19

Frage
Emotional attachments between parent and child
Antworten
  • are the result of cultural effects of parenting in the Western countries
  • slowly rise from social interactions in the first months
  • emerge suddenly at birth, to the strongest level
  • result from both persons' shared genetic relationship

Frage 20

Frage
Mary Ainsworth's (1978) "Strange Situation”
Antworten
  • identifies the child's level of visual imagination
  • provides training for the transition into foster care
  • measures the child's interest in novel unfamiliar items
  • assesses the child's attachment style

Frage 21

Frage
The two common fears of infancy, separation anxiety and stranger anxiety, reflect the baby's preference for
Antworten
  • easy temperament
  • familiarity
  • social referencing
  • learned helplessness

Frage 22

Frage
Training to improve the sensitivity of parents to their child’s needs
Antworten
  • is doomed to fail because caregiving is genetically predetermined
  • works and promotes secure attachment
  • is directed mainly to upper income parents
  • yields temporary gains that are lost within weeks

Frage 23

Frage
Sam, age five, turns away from the TV that shows a report of an earthquake, where people are hurt. Sam is likely to be feeling
Antworten
  • self-oriented distress
  • sympathetic empathetic arousal
  • a hostile attribution bias
  • learned helplessness

Frage 24

Frage
Finnish school-based KiVa programme does NOT contain
Antworten
  • an online game training emotion recognition
  • classroom activities that teach children to be helpful bystanders
  • psychological counseling to make bullied children less vulnerable
  • parental educational materials

Frage 25

Frage
Bangor-made Food Dudes programmes are effective interventions that increase consumption of fruit and veg. They are usually delivered by
Antworten
  • parents
  • researchers
  • children
  • teachers

Frage 26

Frage
A researcher reports that boys show more physical aggression than girls in free play. She is able to demonstrate consistency of results across time, situations, and observers. Therefore, her findings are:
Antworten
  • Reliable
  • Proven
  • Valid
  • None of the above

Frage 27

Frage
A researcher measures play behaviour of a few children over a long period of time, in daily structured play sessions. Possible problems?
Antworten
  • Children will get bored with this and underperform
  • Results will be insufficient to draw valid conclusions
  • Results may not generalise to other children
  • All of the answers

Frage 28

Frage
A researcher reported that 3-year-old children have longer attention span than 2-year-old children, as they remembered more pictures shown in a test. She used a cross-sectional design, and tested 25 children in each group.
Antworten
  • Data are not valid or reliable
  • Data are not generalisible to other 2- and 3-year-olds
  • Data cannot tell us about the development of individual children
  • All of the answers

Frage 29

Frage
You show preschool children Manyard the Cat. Then, in front of them, you place a dog mask on the cat’s face. You ask the children, does he bark or meow? They will say
Antworten
  • meow
  • bark
  • can do either as he chooses
  • neither

Frage 30

Frage
Genetic epistemology, Piaget's academic specialty, could be defined as the study of the:
Antworten
  • child's social relations with others such as peers
  • inheritance of developmental disability
  • inheritance of behavioral habits
  • development of knowledge

Frage 31

Frage
In Piaget's theory, balance between the child's thoughts and the environment is called:
Antworten
  • tertiary circular reaction
  • phylogenetic scaffolding
  • early constructivism
  • cognitive equilibrium

Frage 32

Frage
Which of these is NOT among Piaget's four cognitive developmental stages?
Antworten
  • Formal operations stage
  • Preoperational stage
  • Proximal zone stage
  • Sensorimotor stage

Frage 33

Frage
Object permanence refers to the understanding that:
Antworten
  • durable toys are preferred over those that break soon
  • existence continues even when something is out of sight
  • inanimate objects have the ability to "hide" actively
  • lost objects will always be located later

Frage 34

Frage
Three-year-old Bethan gets scared when her mum dresses up in a dinosaur costume on Halloween. This child shows:
Antworten
  • a phylogenetic development
  • assimilation and accommodation
  • lack of object (person) permanence
  • misunderstanding of the appearance/reality distinction

Frage 35

Frage
Four-year-old Britney mistakes her neighbour's new pet rabbit for a kitten. Britney's error illustrates the Piagetian process of:
Antworten
  • animism
  • assimilation
  • accommodation
  • tertiary circular reaction

Frage 36

Frage
Suppose we asked children to make drawings of all the life forms that might occur on another planet. According to Piaget, the most novel, creative ideas of life forms are likely to come from children at the:
Antworten
  • sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.
  • preoperational stage of cognitive development.
  • concrete-operational stage of development.
  • formal-operational stage of development.

Frage 37

Frage
Neith is 4 ½ years old. She often talks out loud even when other people are not listening. This habit (according to Piaget) is:
Antworten
  • unusual for boys but common for girls
  • unusual for girls but common for boys
  • fairly common in all children her age but of no significance for her cognitive development
  • fairly common in all children her age and helpful to her cognitive development.

Frage 38

Frage
A toddler is most likely to remember:
Antworten
  • A very unusual event, such as seeing a flying balloon in the park or an elephant in the zoo
  • A very typical event, such as having breakfast with mum
  • Only the events that are highly emotionally significant.
  • Nothing at all – we do not remember until we are about 3-4 years of age

Frage 39

Frage
If he were alive today, Vygotsky would identify the calculator you have on your phone as a(n):
Antworten
  • device for inner experimentation
  • tool of intellectual adaptation
  • zone of proximal development
  • electronic scaffold

Frage 40

Frage
Which statement is LEAST applicable to Vygotsky's theory?
Antworten
  • Cooperative interactions with skilled tutors are helpful
  • Variations in cultural influences are acknowledged
  • Developmental universals are sought and identified
  • Scaffolding assists the child with difficult tasks

Frage 41

Frage
In the mirror self-recognition test, the parent covertly places a red spot on 1-year-old Gareth’s face. The child is then presented with a mirror. What is he most likely to do?
Antworten
  • Deliberately ignore the red spot
  • Stare at the red spot
  • Touch their nose / wipe the red spot
  • Interact with the mirror (kissing or touching it)

Frage 42

Frage
When do you think most children start to learn their native language?
Antworten
  • When they are about 12 month old
  • When they are about 6 months old
  • Soon after birth
  • Before they are born

Frage 43

Frage
Which type of parenting produces the happiest, best-adjusted children?
Antworten
  • Authoritative (high D/C and high A/R)
  • Authoritarian (high D/C and low A/R)
  • Permissive (Low D/C and high A/R)
  • Uninvolved (Low D/C and Low A/R)

Frage 44

Frage
15-years old Mary is more likely than most of her peers to show poor self-control, poor academic performance, and to use illegal drugs. Her parents may have used:
Antworten
  • Authoritative parenting style
  • Permissive parenting style
  • Uninvolved parenting style
  • Either permissive or uninvolved

Frage 45

Frage
Aphrodite is 3 years old. When her brother Jack was born, she started throwing tantrums, wetting herself, and trying to hurt Jack. This behaviour is:
Antworten
  • The outcome of Aphrodite’s parents’ permissive style.
  • The outcome of Aphrodite’s difficult temperament.
  • Aphrodite has both permissive parents and a difficult temperament
  • Normal

Frage 46

Frage
Girls are more likely than boys to show which kind of aggression?
Antworten
  • Hostile
  • Instrumental
  • Relational
  • Bullying

Frage 47

Frage
Dave hits Chuck while their mum is not looking and as Chuck gets distracted, Dave grabs his toy. This is an instance of which kind of aggression?
Antworten
  • Hostile
  • Instrumental
  • Relational
  • Bullying

Frage 48

Frage
Young infants prefer __________________ .
Antworten
  • good deeds and actors
  • aggression
  • bullying
  • Negative emotions

Frage 49

Frage
Which of the following is NOT an elementary mental function?
Antworten
  • Sensation
  • Belief in religion
  • memory
  • attention

Frage 50

Frage
What is scaffolding according to Vygotsky?
Antworten
  • The prevalent model of tutoring in western societies and schools
  • The informal tuition of cultural-relevant practices, common to non-industrialised societies
  • When a mature social partner responds contingently to the child's behaviour
  • None of the answers given

Frage 51

Frage
Which one of the following is not a critique for Piaget's pre-operational stage?
Antworten
  • Children are not always egocentric
  • Animalism also depends on context - novel objects that move are deemed animate not others
  • Conservation tasks are solved after training
  • children struggle with appearance/reality distinction

Frage 52

Frage
For parents, especially the mother, is there a sensitive period for emotional bonding in first 6-12 hours after birth?
Antworten
  • Yes – this is crucial for the full acceptance of a new baby.
  • No, there is no such thing as sensitive period.
  • It may be helpful but it is not necessary.
  • It may be helpful not to see the baby immediately, until mother is properly rested and hormones return to normal.

Frage 53

Frage
Childhood attachments – processes and timeline of formation of close emotional relationships – are mainly the result of…
Antworten
  • Biological predisposition and maturation
  • Early operant learning in social situations
  • Cognitive development
  • There is no set answer, but the majority of developmental psychologists believe it is a combination of them all.

Frage 54

Frage
Which of the following is NOT one of the five kinds of linguistic knowledge?
Antworten
  • Phonology
  • Morphology
  • Syntax
  • Cosmology
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