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Bio 1240

Beschreibung

a composite of quizzes and exams
Toria Chukwuemeka
Quiz von Toria Chukwuemeka, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Toria Chukwuemeka
Erstellt von Toria Chukwuemeka vor mehr als 7 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
_____ are alternative forms of a gene that govern the same feature, such as eye color
Antworten
  • alleles
  • loci
  • genes
  • coupled traits

Frage 2

Frage
pea plants were ell chosen for use in Mendel's breeding experiment for all of the following reasons except
Antworten
  • peas show easily observed variations in a number of characteristics which as pea shape and flower color
  • it is possible to completely control matings between different pea plants
  • it is possible to obtain large number of progeny from any given cross
  • peas have an unusually long generation time (life span)
  • many of the observable characteristics that vary in pea plants are controlled by single genes

Frage 3

Frage
the separation of alleles of a gene takes place during
Antworten
  • anaphase of mitosis
  • cytokinesis of mitosis
  • anaphase I of meiosis
  • telophase II of meiosis
  • cytokinesis of meiosis

Frage 4

Frage
which of the following represents the possible genotype(s) resulting from a cross between an individual homozygous (ZZ) and one heterozygous (Zz) individual?
Antworten
  • ZZ and Zz
  • ZZ, Zz, and zz
  • ZZ only
  • Zz only
  • zz only

Frage 5

Frage
Mating an individual expressing a dominant phenotype, but whose genotype is unknown, with an individual expressing the corresponding recessive phenotype is an example of
Antworten
  • a heterozygous cross
  • an F1 cross
  • an F2 cross
  • a parental cross
  • a test cross

Frage 6

Frage
in humans, assume that the allele for brown eyes is dominant and the allele for blue eyes is recessive. If two brown-eyed individuals have a child with blue eyes, that means
Antworten
  • both parents are homozygous for brown eyes
  • both parents are heterozygous for eye color
  • multiple alleles are involved
  • none of these

Frage 7

Frage
mendel crossed true-breeding plants having yellow peas with plants having green peas. the resulting plants all had yellow peas. An F2 cross resulted in 3/4 of the plants having yellow peas and 1/4 of the plants having green peas. What does this tell you about the alleles for color?
Antworten
  • yellow is usually the dominant color, but sometimes green can be dominant
  • green is the dominant color
  • yellow is the dominant color
  • yellow is the recessive color
  • the F1 plants must have had some green peas that went unnoticed

Frage 8

Frage
An organism with the genotype of AaXx can produce gametes containing ____ if the two genes are unlinked
Antworten
  • either Aa or Xx
  • either AX, Ax, aX, ax
  • AaXx
  • AX or ax
  • A,a,X,x

Frage 9

Frage
why is color blindness more common in males than in females?
Antworten
  • because females would have to receive one copy of the recessive color blindness gene to actually express the trait
  • because a male only needs to receive one recessive allele from his mother to be color-blind
  • because color blindness is an Y-linked trait
  • females are hemizygous

Frage 10

Frage
what are the possible phenotypes of the children of the children is the mother has Type O blood and the father has AB blood?
Antworten
  • all AB
  • A,B
  • A, AB
  • A, B, AB
  • A, B, O

Frage 11

Frage
The information carried by DNA is incorporated in a code verified by the
Antworten
  • phosphodiester bonds of the DNA strand
  • number of separate strands of DNA
  • size of a particular chromosome
  • specific nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule
  • number is bases in a DNA strand

Frage 12

Frage
Which of the following nucleotide sequences represents the complement to the DNA strand 5' - AGATCCG - 3' ?
Antworten
  • 5' - AGATCCG - 3'
  • 3' - AGATCCG - 5'
  • 5' - CTCGAAT - 3'
  • 3' - CTCGAAT - 5'
  • 3' - TCTAGGC - 5'

Frage 13

Frage
Transcription of RNA takes place in the
Antworten
  • mitochondria
  • cytoplasm
  • ribosomes
  • nucleus
  • endoplasmic reticulum

Frage 14

Frage
which of the following adds new nucleotides to a growing RNA chain?
Antworten
  • DNA polymerase
  • DNA helicase
  • RNA primer
  • RNA polymerase
  • more than one of these

Frage 15

Frage
the form of RNA the carries the code from DNA to the site where the protein is assembled his called
Antworten
  • messenger RNA
  • nuclear RNA
  • ribosomal RNA
  • transfer RNA
  • structural RNA

Frage 16

Frage
uracil can pair with
Antworten
  • ribose
  • adenine
  • cytosine
  • thymine
  • guanine

Frage 17

Frage
the portions of an RNA molecule that are translated are called
Antworten
  • introns
  • exons
  • regulatory proteins
  • anticodons
  • transcriptions

Frage 18

Frage
sickle-cell anemia is caused by what type of mutation
Antworten
  • frameshift
  • missense
  • nonsense
  • silent
  • viral

Frage 19

Frage
The inner surface of epithelial tissue rests on a
Antworten
  • layer os adipose tissue
  • basement membrane / extracellular matrix
  • mix of cells and polysaccharides
  • mix of cells and proteins

Frage 20

Frage
the principal difference between simple and stratified epithelium is in the number of
Antworten
  • cell layers
  • total cells
  • nuclei per cell
  • free surfaces
  • microvilli

Frage 21

Frage
what type of tissue is blood?
Antworten
  • epithelial
  • muscular
  • connective
  • adipose
  • noncellular fluid

Frage 22

Frage
impulses are received by nerve cells through
Antworten
  • an axon
  • any process that is long enough to reach the receptor
  • numerous dendrites
  • the intervention of the neuroglia
  • chondrocytes

Frage 23

Frage
an _____ is a combination of two or more kinds of tissue that together perform one or more functions
Antworten
  • organ
  • cell
  • organ system
  • connective tissue
  • neuroglial cell

Frage 24

Frage
at rest, a nerve cell has a
Antworten
  • negative membrane potential
  • difference of -70mV comparing the inside to the outside
  • resting potential
  • all of these are correct

Frage 25

Frage
for sodium to accumulate rapidly inside a neuron cell membrane,
Antworten
  • a stimulus above the threshold open sodium gates
  • the wave of depolarization must occur to reestablish a resting potential
  • there must be a dramatic increases in the negative charge of the cytoplasm
  • the potassium gates must open first

Frage 26

Frage
which of the following would not be considered part of the peripheral nervous system?
Antworten
  • the eyes
  • the spinal cord
  • afferent neurons
  • the ears
  • efferent neurons

Frage 27

Frage
afferent neurons
Antworten
  • transmit information to the central nervous system
  • provide support for the neurons
  • transmit information from the central nervous system to effectors
  • are part of the central nervous system
  • connect motor and sensory neurons

Frage 28

Frage
what happens immediately following the closing of the sodium gates during an action potential?
Antworten
  • sodium ions enter the cell
  • sodium ions leave the cell
  • potassium ions enter the cell
  • potassium ions leave the cell
  • calcium ions leave the cell

Frage 29

Frage
the membrane-bound enzyme system that helps to maintain the resting membrane potential is which of the following pumps
Antworten
  • sodium-phosphorus
  • sodium-potassium
  • sodium-chlorine
  • phosphorus-calcium
  • phosphorus-chlorine

Frage 30

Frage
which form of RNA carries the code from the lac operon to the site where the protein is assembled?
Antworten
  • messenger RNA
  • nuclear RNA
  • ribosomal RNA
  • transfer RNA
  • structural RNA

Frage 31

Frage
genes may be
Antworten
  • turned on and off (regulated)
  • activated for only a short time in one cell and a long time in another cell
  • turned on and left on (constitutive)
  • two of these are correct
  • all of these are correct

Frage 32

Frage
co-repressors in a repressible system bind to the ____ and make the operon _____
Antworten
  • operator, inactive
  • repressor, inactive
  • operator, active
  • repressor, active

Frage 33

Frage
RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA helix and be able to bind to the ___ in order for a gene to be transcribed
Antworten
  • activator
  • regulator
  • promotor
  • operator
  • repressor

Frage 34

Frage
the lac genes of E. coli are transcribe in the presence of lactose because
Antworten
  • RNA polymerase binds to the operator
  • the repressor cannot bind to the promoter
  • as isomer of lactose binds to the repressor
  • none of these is correct

Frage 35

Frage
which of the following applies to an inducible system?
Antworten
  • a repressor protein, which is bound to DNA in absence of any other factor
  • a repressor protein, which is bound to DNA in the presence of a corepressor
  • an activator protein, which is bound to DNA in absence of any other factor
  • an activator protein, which is bound to DNA in the absence of an inhibitor

Frage 36

Frage
which of the following lists the correct sequence of events involved in cell signaling in paracrine signaling between two cells?
Antworten
  • amplifying, signal transducing, receiving, responding
  • signal transducing, sending, receiving, terminating
  • sending, signal transducing, receiving, amplifying
  • receiving, sending, signal transducing, responding
  • sending, receiving, signal transducing, responding

Frage 37

Frage
a receptor on the cell surface usually has several domains. The functions of the external domain is
Antworten
  • transmitting the signal to the inside of the cell
  • holding the receptor within the membrane
  • attaching the receptor to the DNA
  • function as an enzyme
  • binding the signaling molecule/ligand

Frage 38

Frage
a protein kinase directly catalyzes the reaction in which
Antworten
  • a protein becomes glycosylated
  • a protein is phosphorylated (gains a phosphate group)
  • genes are transcribed
  • all of those

Frage 39

Frage
what does the term dominant mean?
Antworten
  • it is the allele that is expressed in heterozygous organisms
  • it is the allele (and phenotype) that is more beneficial to the organism
  • it is the only type of allele that can be transmitted to future generations
  • it is the phenotype that will be exhibited in every individual, in every generation

Frage 40

Frage
the physical appearance an organism exhibites for a particular trait is called the
Antworten
  • genotype
  • synapsis
  • genetics
  • dominance
  • phenotype

Frage 41

Frage
the physical position of a gene along a chromosome is its
Antworten
  • trait
  • locus
  • allele
  • chromatid
  • none of the above

Frage 42

Frage
which genetic inheritance principle(s) was/were proven by gregor mendel using a cross that examined a single trait of Pisum sativum
Antworten
  • dominance
  • independent assortment
  • two of these
  • segregation
  • all of these

Frage 43

Frage
a heterozygous male hamster is crossed with a female hamster that is homozygous recessive. If they produce 100 offspring, which answer below is the most reasonable number of heterozygotes produced?
Antworten
  • 100
  • 51
  • 24
  • 0
  • none of these is a realistic possibility

Frage 44

Frage
mendel found that tall plants and yellow peas are dominant in the Pisum satvium plant. What is the expected phenotype for a pea plant with the genotype Ttyy?
Antworten
  • tall with yellow peas
  • short with yellow peas
  • heterozygous
  • Ty
  • tall with green peas

Frage 45

Frage
how many alleles are present for a single gene in a typical gamete?
Antworten
  • depends on the organism
  • more than two
  • two
  • one
  • none

Frage 46

Frage
in a typical mendellian monohybrid F1 x F1 cross, what percentage of offspring should have a homozygous recessive genotype?
Antworten
  • 50
  • 25
  • 75
  • 100
  • 0

Frage 47

Frage
a lizard with a striped tail and solid head is crossed with one having a solid tail and spotted head. All of their offspring have solid tails and solid heads. Which of the following could be a parental genotype?
Antworten
  • TtHh
  • Tthh
  • ttHH
  • TTHH
  • tthh

Frage 48

Frage
a genetic cross is conducted. The phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1. What conclusion can be drawn?
Antworten
  • there are four separate genes involved
  • this is a test cross
  • this cross supports the idea of independent assortment, as described by mendel
  • this genotypic ratio is 3:1

Frage 49

Frage
the following cross was set up AAbb x aaBB What percentage of offspring will exhibit a dominant phenotype for gene A?
Antworten
  • 100%
  • 25%
  • 50%
  • monohybrid

Frage 50

Frage
molly has a crop of red raspberries, produced from 10 generations of red raspberries. For all 10 generations, the raspberry bushes have been thornless. Daniel has a crop of black raspberries, produced from 10 generations of black raspberries. For all 10 generations, the raspberry bushes have had thorns. Suppose Molle and Daniel cross their plants and all offspring are Red Thorny. Which gametes will those red thorny offspring produce?
Antworten
  • Rt, Rt, rT, rt
  • Rt, rT
  • RT, Rt
  • RrTt

Frage 51

Frage
yen has a crop of red roses, produced from 10 generations of red raspberries. For all 10 generations, the rose bushes have been thornless. Usman has a crop of black roses, produced from 10 generations of black roses. For all 10 generations, the raspberry bushes have had thorns. If yen and usman cross their plants, what phenotype would be exhibited by the offspring?
Antworten
  • RRTT
  • black thornless
  • thorny thornless
  • red thornless
  • cannot determine

Frage 52

Frage
in string beans, green is dominant to yellow, and long beans are dominant to short. A plant that has long yellow beans is crossed with a plant that has short green beans. All of the offspring are identical to each other. Predict the parental genotypes
Antworten
  • GgLl x GgLl
  • GgLl x ggll
  • GGLL x ggll
  • GGll x ggLL

Frage 53

Frage
two heterozygous hamsters are crossed. what percentage of their offspring will likely be homozygous dominant?
Antworten
  • 33%
  • 50%
  • 25%
  • 0%

Frage 54

Frage
an individual who has trisomy 21 (Downs syndrome) has ___ total chromosomes per cell
Antworten
  • 47
  • 21
  • 26
  • 24

Frage 55

Frage
a human gamete is found to possess 24 chromosomes. which of the following statements is correct?
Antworten
  • the gamete is normal
  • nondisjunction occurred during zygote formation
  • nondisjunction occurred during meiosis
  • none of these is correct

Frage 56

Frage
in a certain small mammal, spotted tongue is caused by an X-linked recessive gene. In one litter, there are 2 females with spotted tongues, 1 male with spotted tongue, and 1 male without spotted tongue. What is the phenotype of the father?
Antworten
  • cannot determine
  • dominant
  • recessive

Frage 57

Frage
in a certain iris flower variety, gene "Q" controls seed color, and it controls susceptibility to a disease. this gene exhibits
Antworten
  • additive dominance
  • variegation
  • pleiotropy
  • codominance
  • incomplete dominance

Frage 58

Frage
which trait in humans is known to exhibit multiple alleles?
Antworten
  • sickle cell disease
  • color blindness
  • hemophilia
  • blood typing antigens

Frage 59

Frage
an individual is homozygous recessive for colorblindness (XcXc). which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
Antworten
  • the individual's mother is colorblind
  • the individual is a male
  • the indidual's father is not colorblind
  • none of these can be correct

Frage 60

Frage
a child has blood type O. His mother has blood type A. It is not possible for his father to have blood type:
Antworten
  • AB
  • O
  • A
  • B
  • more than one choice is correct

Frage 61

Frage
Zachary has hemophilia, and X-linked condition. His fiancee, Taylor, does not hace the condition nor does she carry an allele for it. Which statement concerning their potential offspring is correct?
Antworten
  • 100% of their daughters will carry the hemophilia allele
  • 50% of their daughters will have hemophilia
  • none of their sons will have hemophilia
  • 100% of their children will have hemophilia
  • more than one of these is correct

Frage 62

Frage
the central dogma of genetics outlines the transfer of geneti information as follows:
Antworten
  • translation > transcription > replication
  • translation > replication > transcription
  • transcription > translation > replication
  • replication > transcription > translation

Frage 63

Frage
which of the following statements about DNA is false
Antworten
  • DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose
  • DNA does not contain uracil
  • DNA is found in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells
  • DNA is usually double-stranded rather than single-stranded
  • all of these statements is false

Frage 64

Frage
in ____, the total number if purines is equal to the total number of pyrimidines
Antworten
  • single-stranded DNA
  • single-stranded RNA
  • double-stranded DNA
  • more than one of these

Frage 65

Frage
a double stranded SNA molecule is analyzed. on strand 1, there is a adenosine at the 3' terminus. based on this information, which of the following statements is correct?
Antworten
  • on strand 2, there is a uracil at the 5' terminus
  • on strand 2, there is a adenosine at the 5' terminus
  • on strand 2, there is a thymidine at the 5' terminus
  • on strand 2, there is a thymidine at the 3' terminus

Frage 66

Frage
the enzyme ___ catalyzes phosphodiester bonds in a growing deoxynucleotide strand
Antworten
  • more than one of these
  • RNA polymerase
  • DNA polymerase
  • DNA helicase

Frage 67

Frage
Place the following events of DNA replication in the proper sequence (A) the hydrogen bonds holding two strands together break, allowing the strands to separate (B) phosphodiester bonds form between the nucleotide substrates (C) free-floating nucleotide substrates align with complimentary nucleotides on the template (D) the coils in the helix unwind (E) hydrogen bonds form between template strands and newly synthesized strands
Antworten
  • DACBE
  • ECBAD
  • DCBAE
  • DACEB

Frage 68

Frage
a nucleotide monomer, when incorporated into a growing polynucleotide strand, is ___
Antworten
  • added to the 5' end of the DNA or RNA molecule
  • added to the 3' end of the DNA or the 5' RNA molecule
  • added to the 3' end of the DNA or RNA molecule
  • none of these is correct

Frage 69

Frage
which of the following is not directly needed for transcription to occur
Antworten
  • nucleotide monomers
  • DNA polymerase enzymes
  • a promoter
  • DNA
  • all of these are required

Frage 70

Frage
complementary and anti-parallel describes with of the following?
Antworten
  • DNA template:RNA during transcription
  • ssDNA
  • dsDNA
  • two of these
  • all of these

Frage 71

Frage
sequences of nucleotides that ARE translated include
Antworten
  • exons
  • codons
  • anticodons
  • two previous choices are correct
  • three previous choices are correct

Frage 72

Frage
there are only 20,000 genes in human beings. Which of the following is not a way that the usefulness of a limited number of genes could be maximized?
Antworten
  • the amount of an mRNA in a particular cell could be regulated by its stability
  • alternative splicing could allow for one gene to produce different proteins with different function
  • certain genes could be turned on in some cell types but not in others contributing to different phenotypes in different cells
  • all of these are ways that the usefulness of a limited number of genes could be maximized
  • more than one of these are ways that the usefulness of a limited number of genes could be maximized

Frage 73

Frage
which type of nucleic acid contains the codon sequence found in the chart used to determine the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide?
Antworten
  • ribosomal RNA
  • transfer RNA
  • messenger RNA
  • template DNA strand
  • more than one of these

Frage 74

Frage
the genetic code is redundant. this means that:
Antworten
  • some codons code for more than one amino acid
  • more than one ribosome can bind to an mRNA molecule
  • there is more than one stop codon in the genetic code
  • some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon

Frage 75

Frage
as depicted in the central dogma, ____ is necessary to pass traits to future generations, whereas ____ are necessary for gene expression
Antworten
  • replication; transcription and translation
  • transcription; translation and replication
  • translation; replication and transcription
  • none of these

Frage 76

Frage
which of the following is a small, circular DNA molecule, found in bacteria, and is used as a vector (a carrier that can transport a DNA fragment to a desired location?)
Antworten
  • probe
  • plasmid
  • transformation
  • restriction enzyme

Frage 77

Frage
a certain gene contains 60 nucleotides. close to when transcription of the gene begins, one extra nucleotide is inserted into the growing RNA. as a result, the polypeptide later produced ____
Antworten
  • will most likely have one fewer amino acids
  • will most likely contain one altered amino acid
  • will most likely contain several incorrect amino acids due to a frameshift
  • will most likely contain one extra amino acid

Frage 78

Frage
the transcriptionally regulated genes within an operon that code for the proteins needed to achieve the operon's overall goal are called the
Antworten
  • repressible
  • regulatory
  • inducible
  • structural

Frage 79

Frage
which gene segment is positioned in between the promoter and the structural genes?
Antworten
  • the RNA polymerase
  • the operator
  • the repressor protein
  • the codon

Frage 80

Frage
some operons are considered inducible while others are repressible. which situation describes the lac operon and trp operons?
Antworten
  • lac is inducible; trp is repressible
  • both are inducible
  • lac is repressible; trp is inducible
  • both are repressible

Frage 81

Frage
an E. coli cell is growing in an environment that contains no lactose and no trytophan. which genes would you expect to be actively expressed in this cell?
Antworten
  • the trp E structural gene
  • the lac Z gene
  • the regulatory gene that is the lac operon
  • two of the previos choices are correct
  • all of the previous choices are correct

Frage 82

Frage
the expression of a certain gene was recently studied in a large number of cells from a large number of individuals. in every cell type and in every organism the rate of gene expression was the same. this suggests that the gene is
Antworten
  • controlled in a repressible operon
  • controlled in an inducible operon
  • catabolic
  • constitutively expressed
  • not easily classified

Frage 83

Frage
a certain infectious bacterium uses five enzymes to synthesize its disease causing components. all five of these enzymes are produced together in the bacterial cell. the region of the bacterial DNA that contains the genes for these enzymes is most precisely called a(n)
Antworten
  • vector
  • regulatory region
  • chromosome
  • operon

Frage 84

Frage
which portion of the lac operon must be attached to something (i.e. an outside molecule) for initiation of transcription of the structural genes to occur?
Antworten
  • structural gene D
  • structural gene E
  • the lac promoter region
  • the lac operator region

Frage 85

Frage
a bacterial culture can produce molecule Z. production is reduced when molecule Z is produced by the cells in large amounts or when it is added by a researcher to the growth medium. production of molecule Z is
Antworten
  • sporadic
  • constitutive
  • controlled by a repressible operon
  • controlled by an inducible operon

Frage 86

Frage
what is the primary goal of the lac operon in E. coli?
Antworten
  • to break lactose into its subunits
  • to use lactose as a molecular building block
  • to synthesize lactose from smaller components
  • all of the above

Frage 87

Frage
in the lac operon, what would be the result of a defect in the operator site that prevented repressor attachment?
Antworten
  • the repressor would attach to the promoter
  • the operon would be permanently turned on
  • the structural genes would not be expressed
  • the operon would be permanently turned off

Frage 88

Frage
which gene codes for a catabolic enzyme?
Antworten
  • gene E in the trp operon
  • gene z in the lac operon
  • gene a in the trp operon
  • the operator segment in the lac operon
  • none of these

Frage 89

Frage
which characteristics of eukaryotes present challenges to our study of gene regulation? 1. relatively short life span and lack of developmental changes 2. increased size of the eukaryotic genome 3. multicellularity with cell specialization 4. simplistic internal cell anatomy
Antworten
  • all four charateristics
  • characteristic 2 and 3
  • characteristic 2, 3, and 4
  • characteristic 3, exclusively

Frage 90

Frage
tightly fitted sheets of cells are observed in ____ tissues
Antworten
  • cartilage
  • blood
  • epithelial
  • connective

Frage 91

Frage
the ability to exert force by contracting is observed in _____ tissues
Antworten
  • muscle
  • nervous
  • epithelial
  • blood

Frage 92

Frage
the linings of blood vessels are called ____ but are categorized as simple squamous epithelium
Antworten
  • exovascular
  • endothelium
  • ectothelium
  • epicardium

Frage 93

Frage
autocrine signaling differs from other types of signaling in that the signaling molecule
Antworten
  • is received by the same cell that sends it
  • acts on nearby cells
  • binds to a receptor
  • is secreted by neurons only

Frage 94

Frage
channel-linked receptors such as those that bind to neurotransmitters
Antworten
  • can be ligand-gated or voltage gated
  • must be located on a cell membrane like the plasma membrane
  • allow for movement of ions down their concentration gradients
  • two of these are correct
  • all of these are correct

Frage 95

Frage
of the four steps in neural signaling, which one involves sorting and interpretation of stimuli?
Antworten
  • transmission
  • integration
  • reception
  • none of these

Frage 96

Frage
stimuli are often converted to electrical signals by
Antworten
  • sensory receptors
  • glial cells
  • autonomic nerves
  • efferent neurons

Frage 97

Frage
which of the following conditions can provide environmental information to a sensory receptor?
Antworten
  • molecular concentration
  • pressure changes and vibrations
  • light and heat
  • two of these
  • all of the above

Frage 98

Frage
the conversion of stimulus energy into an energy form that can be communicated to the central nervous system is called
Antworten
  • adaptation
  • reception
  • summation
  • transduction

Frage 99

Frage
free nerve endings are involved in the sense of
Antworten
  • smell
  • sight
  • pain
  • touch
  • taste

Frage 100

Frage
the ability for visual accommodation is possessed by
Antworten
  • insects and vertebrates
  • vertebrates, sea stars, and hydra
  • vertebrates
  • vertebrates, flatworms, and crustaceans

Frage 101

Frage
which of the following statements is false?
Antworten
  • cones allow us to see colors
  • the fovea portion of the retina has a high concentration of rods and a low concentration of cones
  • rods are more sensitive to dim light than cones
  • all of the statements are false

Frage 102

Frage
which statement is false?
Antworten
  • the sclera controls the amount of light that enters the pupil
  • the retina contains photoreceptors
  • the cornea is transparent
  • ciliary muscles are necessary for accommodation

Frage 103

Frage
the first focusing element in a vertebrate eye from the front to the back is the
Antworten
  • cornea
  • iris
  • lens
  • retina

Frage 104

Frage
___ is an accumulation of excess connetive tissue on the lens, resulting in visual impairment
Antworten
  • cataract
  • farsightedness
  • an astigmatism
  • glaucoma

Frage 105

Frage
which portion of the human ear contains sensor receptors
Antworten
  • tympanic membrane
  • cochlea
  • semicircular canals
  • pinna
  • more than one of these

Frage 106

Frage
place the parts of the ear in the correct order as sound waves are received by the outer ear for transduction to a receptor potential for hearing 1. incus 2. malleus 3. stapes 4. tympanic membrane 5. semicircular canals 6. cochlea
Antworten
  • 42135
  • 21346
  • 42136
  • 51236

Frage 107

Frage
the direction of information flow in a single neuron is from the ___ to the ___ and finally to the ___.
Antworten
  • dendrite, cell body, synaptic terminus, axon
  • synaptic terminus, cell body, dendrite, axon
  • dendrite, cell body, axon, synaptic terminus
  • axon, cell body, synaptic terminus, dendrite

Frage 108

Frage
as organisms exhibiting bilateral symmetry evolved, nervous systems exhibiting ___ developed
Antworten
  • nerve cords running anterior > posterior
  • a center of coordination
  • neurons with specific functions
  • greater numbers of neurons (per body mass)
  • all of the above

Frage 109

Frage
the triple layer of tissues which surround and protect the central nervous system are called the
Antworten
  • meninges
  • glial cells
  • appendicular skeleton
  • neuromuscular junction

Frage 110

Frage
in humans, ___ nerves prepare our organs to respond to stressful situations
Antworten
  • sympathetic
  • somatic
  • cerebral
  • parasympathetic

Frage 111

Frage
the presence of a myelin sheath can increase the
Antworten
  • speed of the impulse
  • threshold value
  • resting potential
  • intensity of an impulse

Frage 112

Frage
a single neuron sends a message along its axon. the message is sent back to an earlier neuron in the pathway, causing positive feedback. this type of neural citcuit is called
Antworten
  • reverbrating
  • convergent
  • divergent
  • reflex

Frage 113

Frage
which of the following would you expect to have the greatest influence on the generation of action potentials in neurons?
Antworten
  • ion concentration
  • pH
  • hydration levels
  • temperature

Frage 114

Frage
which scenario best describes the generation of an action potential in a neuron?
Antworten
  • influx of calciumm depolarizes the cell and efflux of hydrogen replarizes the cell
  • influx of potassium depolarizes the cell and efflux of calcium repolarizes the cell
  • influx of potassium depolarizes the cell and efflux of sodium repolarizes the cell
  • influx of sodium depolarizes the cell and efflux of potassium repolarizes the cell

Frage 115

Frage
an impulse travels to the pre-synaptic terminal of a neuron, which of the following is the most direct response to this occurence?
Antworten
  • ion channels on the post-synaptic cell open
  • neurotransmitters attach to the post-synaptic cell
  • an influx of calcium causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the cell membrane
  • sodium ions leave the neuron

Frage 116

Frage
if the neurotransmitter glycine caused negatively charged ions to enter a resting neuron, it would create a(n) ___ state
Antworten
  • depolarized
  • excitatory
  • reflexive
  • hyperpolarized

Frage 117

Frage
which of the following are components of the central nervous system?
Antworten
  • optic nerve
  • the cerebrum
  • femoral nerve (in the thigh)
  • radial nerve (in the arm and wrist)
  • more than one choice is correct

Frage 118

Frage
in multicellular organism, tissues that maintain homeostasis by responding to nerve impulses formed after a stimulus are called ____
Antworten
  • effectors
  • sensory tissues
  • immunogens
  • neural tissues

Frage 119

Frage
why are skeletons useful in achieving locomotion?
Antworten
  • movement of skeleton components push muscles
  • ions contained in skeletal tissue sreve as neurotransmitters at neuromuscular junctions
  • they provide a stationary point of resistance to muscle contraction
  • ions contained in skeletal tissue initiate muscle contraction

Frage 120

Frage
exoskeletons are present in ___
Antworten
  • cnidarian (hydras)
  • vertebrates (horses)
  • mollusks (snail)
  • two of the previous choices are correct

Frage 121

Frage
bones of limbs are ___
Antworten
  • axial
  • terminal
  • appendicular
  • cranial

Frage 122

Frage
the vertebrae are ___
Antworten
  • the bones to which the femurs are attached
  • the subunits of the spinal cord
  • the layers of protective​ tissue around peripheral nerves
  • the bones of the wrist and ankle
  • none of the previous choices is correct

Frage 123

Frage
the point of a skeleton where bones are connected to each other in a hinge is called a ___
Antworten
  • ligament
  • joint
  • tendon
  • cartilage

Frage 124

Frage
when a muscle contracts, it pulls on a ___ which then pulls on a ___
Antworten
  • ligament ... joint
  • tendon ... bone
  • joint ... tendon
  • bone ... tendon

Frage 125

Frage
ATP hydrolysis is essential for ___
Antworten
  • muscle relaxation
  • muscle contraction
  • both
  • neither

Frage 126

Frage
the organizational unit known as an osteon is a component of ___
Antworten
  • spongy bone
  • cardiac muscle
  • joints
  • compact bone

Frage 127

Frage
a certain individual has an elevated number of osteoclasts and a reduced number of osteoblasts. which of the following health conditions might result from this?
Antworten
  • bone spurs
  • muscle spasms
  • muscle degeneration
  • osteoporosis

Frage 128

Frage
which type of muscle is striated and responds to involuntary neural signals?
Antworten
  • skeletal
  • smooth
  • cardiac
  • more than one of these is correct

Frage 129

Frage
a tube-shaped​ component in a muscle fiber, composed of overlapping myofilaments, is known as ___
Antworten
  • a sarcolemma
  • a T tubule
  • a myofibril
  • a muscle

Frage 130

Frage
each time the tricep muscle in your upper arm contracts,
Antworten
  • the biceps muscle in the opposite arm relaxes
  • the biceps muscle in the same arm contracts
  • the biceps muscle in the same arm relaxes
  • the biceps muscle in the opposite arm contracts

Frage 131

Frage
according to the sliding filament theory, when a skeletal muscle contracts, ___
Antworten
  • the myosin filaments get shorter
  • the Z lines of a sarcomere move away from each other
  • the actin filaments get shorter
  • none of the above occurs

Frage 132

Frage
which of the following is associated with muscle fatigue and cramping?
Antworten
  • lactic acid accumulation
  • hemoglobin depletion
  • calcium deficiency
  • ADP depletion

Frage 133

Frage
acetylcholine would most likely be found ___
Antworten
  • in T tubules
  • in a sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • attached to microfilaments
  • in a neuromuscular junction
  • none of the choices is correct

Frage 134

Frage
what is a cross-bridge?
Antworten
  • the connection between a neuron and a muscle
  • the connection that forms between actin and myosin
  • the connection between two osteons
  • the connection between a joint and two bones

Frage 135

Frage
high oxygen concentration in blood enables a high metabolic rate and greater level of activity/physical exertion. based on relative activity levels and respiratory and circulatory system complexity, which organism would you expect to have the highest clood O2?
Antworten
  • frog
  • bird
  • crocodile
  • snake
  • all how rougly the same blood O2

Frage 136

Frage
which os the following have open circulatory systems
Antworten
  • cnidarians
  • platyhelminthes
  • both of these
  • neither of these

Frage 137

Frage
new red blood cells are synthesized by ___
Antworten
  • bone marrow
  • spleen
  • mature red blood cells
  • muscles

Frage 138

Frage
the oxygen carrier molecule hemoglobin is an essential compoent of ___
Antworten
  • erythrocytes
  • red and white blood cells and platelets
  • red blood cells and white blood cells
  • platelets and red blood cells

Frage 139

Frage
the cellular fragment ___ is necessary for normal blood clotting ability
Antworten
  • hemoglobin
  • platelets
  • carbon dioxide
  • plasma

Frage 140

Frage
blood is composed of cellular components, suspended in a fluid. which of the following best describes the proportion of cells to fluids in blood?
Antworten
  • the proportion varies greatly from individual to individual assuming the individuals are well hydrated and do not have a cancer of the blood
  • there is a roughly equal amount of fluid and cells
  • there are many more cells than there is fluid
  • there is much more fluid than cellular material

Frage 141

Frage
the main difference between arteries and veins is that arteries
Antworten
  • carry blood containing a higher concentration of oxygen
  • take blood away from the heart
  • carry blood containing a higher concentration of carbon dioxide
  • more than one of these is correct

Frage 142

Frage
where is blood pressure the lowest?
Antworten
  • all are the same
  • pulmonary artery
  • dorsal aorta
  • vena cava

Frage 143

Frage
the superior and inferior vena cava deliver ___ blood to the ____
Antworten
  • oxygenated ... right ventricle
  • deoxygenated ... right atrium
  • oxygenated ... left atrium
  • deoxygenated ... left atrium

Frage 144

Frage
which sequence correctly describes the pulmonary circuit?
Antworten
  • right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary arteries > pulmonary capillaries in lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium
  • right atrium > left atrium > pulmonary arteries > pulmonary capillaries in lungs > pulmonary veins > right ventricle
  • right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary veins > pulmonary capillaries in lungs > pulmonary arteries > left atrium
  • left atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary arteries > pulmonary capillaries in lungs > pulmonary veins > right atrium

Frage 145

Frage
the presence of two circulatory pathways (systemic and pulmonary) is typically observed in ___
Antworten
  • birds
  • fishes
  • earthworms
  • hydra

Frage 146

Frage
the blood vessels that contain valves are called ___
Antworten
  • arteries
  • arterioles
  • capillaries
  • veins
  • more than one of these

Frage 147

Frage
the spleen is a part of the ___ system
Antworten
  • reproductive
  • cardiovascular
  • disgestive
  • immune

Frage 148

Frage
which os the following is a connection between the lymphatic system and the circulatory system?
Antworten
  • the lymph system synthesizes erythrocytes for the blood
  • the lymph system collects and delivers interstitial fluid back to the blood
  • arteris are part of the lymphatic system
  • they are not related

Frage 149

Frage
respiratory systems in insects use ___ to transport oxygen directly into tissues
Antworten
  • alveoli
  • gills
  • bronchi
  • tracheoles
  • all of the above

Frage 150

Frage
gas exchange is best accomplished by moving air across a ___ membrane
Antworten
  • dry, thin
  • positively charged, dry
  • negatively charged, thick
  • moist, thin

Frage 151

Frage
during ___ the diaphragm relaxes, the chest cavity contracts, and air is expelled
Antworten
  • inspiration
  • inhalation
  • none of these
  • expiration

Frage 152

Frage
which sequence of structures is correct (exterior > interior)
Antworten
  • alveolus, trachea, bronchiole, bronchus
  • bronchus, trachea, bronchiole, alveolus
  • trachea, bronchiole, bronchus, alveolus
  • trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus

Frage 153

Frage
microbial infection of the bronchi, leading to airway obstruction and inflammation is called ___
Antworten
  • emphysema
  • bronchitis
  • asthma
  • cystic fibrosis

Frage 154

Frage
in non-specific immunity, repeated exposure to a pathogen ___
Antworten
  • increases the strength but decreases the speed of the immune response
  • decreases the speed and strength of the immune response
  • has no affect of the speed or strength of the immune response
  • increases the speed of the immune response

Frage 155

Frage
non-specific immunity is ___, while specific immunity is ___
Antworten
  • induced ... suppressed
  • suppressed ... induced
  • acquired ... innate
  • innate ... acquired

Frage 156

Frage
interactions between infectious materials and antibodies are the central aspect of ___
Antworten
  • physiologic immunity
  • non-specific immunity
  • humoral immunity
  • cell-mediated immunity
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