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Karteikarten von Emma Taurere , aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Intelligence
What is Intelligence?
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Brain (binary/octet-stream)
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Multifaceted, functional, & culturally defined. “The ability to learn and remember information, to recognise concepts and their relations, and to apply the information to their own behaviour in an adaptive way.” (Neisser et al., 1996) |
| INTELLIGENCE MODELS HORN & CATTELL’S GF-GC THEORY Intelligence comprises: | |
| INTELLIGENCE MODELS CATTELL-HORN-CARROLL THEORY Intelligence comprises: | |
| INTELLIGENCE MODELS WHAT ARE STERNBERG’S TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE, THREE TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE: | Three types of intelligence: Analytical intelligence: academic, computational problem solving Creative intelligence: imagination, innovation in novel contexts Practical intelligence: “street smarts”, adapting to context |
| INTELLIGENCE MODELS What are GARDNER’S THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES 8 (maybe 9) forms of intelligence? | |
| INTELLIGENCE MODELS What are the Criterion for selecting intelligences in GARDNER’S THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES? | Criterion for selecting intelligences: > Isolated areas in the brain responsible for each type of intelligence > Developmental: some intelligences develop earlier than others > Savants/prodigies: lack some intelligence areas, but good in others |
| INTELLIGENCE MODELS What is the meaning of EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE (Salovey & Mayer, 1990; Goleman, 1996)? | “The ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions” |
| INTELLIGENCE MODELS EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE What are Goleman's 5 domains of emotional intelligence? | 1. self-awareness (knowing your emotions) 2. self-regulation (managing your emotions) 3. self-motivation (motivating yourself) 4. empathy (understanding others’ emotions) 5. handling relationships (managing others’ emotions) |
| INTELLIGENCE MEASUREMENT What did THE STANFORD-BINET SCALE introduce? | THE STANFORD-BINET SCALE (Terman, 1916) Introduced measure of IQ in terms of chronological age and a measured mental age. |
| INTELLIGENCE MEASUREMENT THE STANFORD-BINET SCALE (Terman, 1916) Problems with then.. | Problem Highest items for measuring mental age were age 16items, but chronological age keeps rising. IQs would therefore decrease after age 16. |
| INTELLIGENCE MEASUREMENT THE STANFORD-BINET SCALE (Terman, 1916) How IQ is calculated Currently: | Nowadays, IQ calculated in terms of a deviation score in relation to the population Based on a normal distribution with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 |
| INTELLIGENCE MEASUREMENT THE STANFORD-BINET: FIFTH EDITION | |
| INTELLIGENCE MEASUREMENT WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALES. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ► current version: WAIS-IV (2008) ► Overall IQ broken down into four indices: > verbal comprehension index > working memory index > perceptual reasoning index > processing speed index |
| INTELLIGENCE MEASUREMENT WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALES. Wechsler Adult Intelligence WAIS-IV SUPPLEMENTARY TEST: | |
| INTELLIGENCE MEASUREMENT WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALES. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children: (age 7 - 16) Wechsler Preschooler & Primary Scale of Intelligence (ages < 7) | ► current version: WISC-V (2014) |
| INTELLIGENCE MEASUREMENT WAIS-IV: VCI EXAMPLE SUBTESTS: | |
| INTELLIGENCE MEASUREMENT WAIS-IV: VCI MORE EXAMPLE SUBTESTS: | |
| WAIS-IV: PRI EXAMPLE SUBTESTS Some subtests were: | Some subtests were: visual puzzles, block designs, matrix reasoning, picture completion, figure weights |
| WAIS-IV: PSI EXAMPLE SUBTESTS Some subtests were: | Some subtests were: Symbol search, coding, cancellation (with shapes). |
| RAVEN’S PROGRESSIVE MATRICES | > Matrices in order of increasing difficulty > Identify the missing element to complete the pattern > Non-verbal test > Reasoning ability (Spearman’s g) > Independent of language, reading and writing skills > Used for selection |
| INTELLIGENCE DETERMINANTS TWIN STUDIES | TWIN STUDIES > Identical twins are more genetically similar than fraternal twins > Environment in which identical & fraternal twins are reared are equal/similar > If intelligence is more similar in identical than fraternal twins this must be due to their greater genetic similarity |
| INTELLIGENCE DETERMINANTS TWIN STUDIES | TWIN STUDIES Average correlations in intelligence between… … identical twins: .86 … fraternal twins: .62 … identical twins (reared apart): .75 |
| INTELLIGENCE DETERMINANTS ADOPTION STUDIES | ADOPTION STUDIES Average correlations in intelligence between adopted child and… … biological parent (living apart): .31 … adoptive parent (living together): .16 |
| Is intelligence heritable? | Intelligence heritability estimation = ~50% Different intellectual abilities vary in heritability But environment also important for intelligence as well! |
| CREATIVITY CREATIVITY DETERMINANTS | Correlations with intelligence vary from small (.10) to moderate (.50) ► Intelligence is necessary, but not sufficient, for creativity Research into creativity shows the importance of: ► years of preparation to develop expertise ► high levels of intrinsic motivation ► a “risk-taking” attitude ► an intellectually and emotionally supportive environment Plomin (1990): 20% variation in creativity is due to genetic factors ► Twin study correlations > Identical twins: .61 > Fraternal twins: .50 |
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