LABR 1290 Exam Review

Frage	Antworten
Conciliator	Involves a 3rd party that opens up communication lines between negotiating parties.
Union	A group of workers who organize to use their collective strength to achieve common goals, such as protecting the integrity of a trade, improving safety, conditions of work, or securing better pay and benefits.
Right to a First Contract	If the employer does not negotiate a contract in timely fashion, one will be imposed by a government appointed arbitrator.
First Contract	First collective bargaining agreement between the union and the employer. Often is difficult due to frayed relationships and tension between the two parties.
Collective Bargaining	A process of negotiation between an employer and a group of employees to establish wages and salaries, working conditions, benefits, and workplace rights
Collective Agreement	A contract setting out the terms and conditions of employment, including wages, working conditions, hours of work, dispute resolution procedures, etc. In Canada, the terms of an agreement are binding to both the employer and the employees.
Business/Service Unionism	A type of unionism that feels it is sufficient to get the best deal for workers they represent, and then to see that that agreement is enforced. Is also called bread + butter unionism.
Social Unions	Have a much more expansive view on labour relations and focus on social justice in the workplace as well as provide education for the workers they represent.
Political Action Committees	Whose role is to engage workers in wider campaigns for worker and human rights or to become involved in other forms of political action.
Mandatory Check-Off	Employers must deduct union dues from a worker’s pay and pass it directly to the union.
Rand Formula	Under this formula, in return for mandatory check-off, unions accept restraints on the kinds of labour actions in which they might engage, including the prohibition on work stoppages during the term of a collective agreement.
Union Advantage	Unionized workers are significantly better paid and enjoy better benefits and pension access than non-unionized workers. They are also more likely to enjoy safe working conditions, including freedom from harassment and discrimination
Social Safety Net	Programs such as EI, Pension, OAP, healthcare, public education, affordable housing, and child care
Paternalism	The policy or practice on the part of people in positions of authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to them in the subordinates' supposed best interest. Is an unequal but reciprocal relationship
Craftworkers	People highly trained to undertake all stages of the manufacturing process, from design through completion
Aristocracy of Labour	Elite of the labour world- made up of highly trained craftworkers.
Sick Benefit Society	Organizations that helped members of the craftworkers societies and their families through times of illness, they paid for funerals, operated libraries, and sponsored lectures
First Industrial Revolution	Revolution in the mid 19th century, in which workshops became larger and ties between masters, journeymen and apprentices broke down. Most work was still done in small “manufactories” however
Deskilling	When the level of skill needed to complete a job was reduced- reliance on machinery was increased. Need for skilled workers was reduced.
Moral Economy	A system where society was based on interdependence and mutual economy
Liberal Individualism	Belief that the individual should be free to pursue what they perceive as their rights and abilities, with a minimum of interference from government. Essentially, it emphasizes the individual over the community.
Nine Hours Movement	Began in Hamilton in 1872, and spread throughout Canada. The goal of the movement was to secure a 55-hour workweek. Workers in that period were used to working twelve-hour days six days a week (72-hour workweeks).
1872 Trade Union Act	Gave workers the right to be members of trade unions. After the legalization of unions, union leaders had to decide whether or not they would operate inside legal framework as political entities or outside the law as militant organizations
Knights of Labour	Effort to radically change the face of the union movement in North America. This movement is known for accepting both skilled and unskilled workers as well as minorities, including women.
Partyism	Adherence to a political party or organization- also means working with the party that gave the best deal to workers
American Federation of Labour (AFL)	A new continental labour organization that was more in tune with the realities of the new capitalism
Labour Management Committees	These are joint committees that work together on long-range planning and matters of mutual interest between labour and management
Parent Unions	Brought together locals in the same sector. As unions have merged, they are much more likely to represent workers from multiple sectors.
Second Industrial Revolution	Characterized by massive industrial operations run by large corporations
Scientific Management	Sought to remove the human factor from production and to force workers to work as quickly as possible
Union Buster	Often were private security firms that were hired to act as spies to root out action from unions so those particular workers could be blacklisted and fired
Scab Labourers	Employees brought in during strikes to replace those workers that were on strike and refused to work
Strikebreakers	A person who works despite an ongoing strike. Are usually individuals who are not employed by the company prior to the trade union dispute, but rather hired after or during the strike to keep the organization running. May also refer to workers (union members or not) who cross picket lines to work.
Independant Labour Candidates	Candidates supported by the local labour centrals and not necessarily affiliated to any political party
Labourism	The idea that working people ought to have their own political representatives and their own political party
Syndicalism	A proposed type of economic system, considered a replacement for capitalism. It suggests that workers, industries, and organizations be systematized into confederations or syndicates. Are associated with the idea of a “general strike” and took particularly strong hold on the resource frontier.
Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblys)	-most prominent syndicalist union -Established in 1905 in the US, the IWW was a radical industrial union that sought to unite the entire working class -worked with workers on the resource frontier -many unskilled workers organized by the IWW were recent immigrants, mostly from Eastern Europe -embraced anti-racist politics
Industrial Disputes Investigations Act	-created by William Lyon Mackenzie King -The Act created a new role for the government as an “impartial umpire” in strategically important sectors like utilities, railways, and coal mines. -The Act mandated that unions and management accept third-party conciliation; strikes were made illegal until the end of a cooling-off period which followed the conciliation report. -King had intended that the Act promote harmonious labour relations, but the result was that it simply weakened unions.
Citizens Committee of 1000	An organization which promised to return the city to ordinary operations through the use of volunteers who operated public utilities and other essential services.
Winnipeg General Strike	-May 1919 -fought for union recognition and collective bargaining -employers refused to meet the demands -25,000 non-unionized WPG workers struck -Was eventually ended by Mounties who used force. This caused a riot. -WPG was eventually put under martial law.
Bloody Saturday	-June 21st, 1919 -2 killed, 27 injured by Mounties -essentially when strike was ended due to force by Mounties
One Big Union	-formed as an alternative to the AFL because certain people felt alienated by the conservatism of the AFL dominated TLC (Trades + Labour Congress) -goal was to win gains for workers through coordinated actions by workers in all sectors of the economy -key tactic: sympathetic strike (ultimate expression of this was a general strike) -represented a coalition of unionists with different goals and ideology
Sympathetic Strike	Where workers from one union go on strike in support of workers in another union.
General Strike	Where workers from all sectors go out in sympathy
Workers Unity League	-created by communists in 1929 -supposed to be a new union central that would compete with the Trades and Labour Congress by building powerful industrial unions among unskilled and semi-skilled workers -active in the resource frontier -worked hard to unite workers across barriers that capital used to divide them -WUL was often militant -affiliated to communism
Yellow Dog Contracts	Actionable contracts where an employee promised not to affiliate with a union
Catholic Confederation of Trade Unions	Umbrella term used to describe catholic unions in Quebec. These unions were a progressive force and can be seen as pillars for the modern Catholic State.
Fabianism	British school of socialism that called for gradual social and economic reform through electoral politics
Social Gospel	Social justice movement rooted in Protestant churches which sought to build Heaven on Earth
Roaring 20's	-stock market crash (1929) -age of equality -widespread consumerism -big party era -prohibition
Inflation	Rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and, consequently, purchasing power of currency is falling
Fordist Economy	Used to describe the system of mass production that was begun in 20th century by Henry Ford. Also refers to the type of postwar economic growth/associated political and social order in advanced capitalism.
Relief Camps	-where single men went to work during the Depression -kind of like holocaust conditions -stripped of right to vote
On to Ottawa Trek	-1935 -1500 workers from BC decide to march to Ottawa to demand an audience with the PM -strong community support -ended like WPG strike- government panicked and sent RCMP to stop trekkers -violent end in Regina
Postwar Consensus	Political opinion that existed coast to coast after WWII
Postwar Compromise	Unions had to give up some flexibility- gave up right to strike in order to secure stability of the Wagner Model
Industrial Unionism	Is a labour union organizing method through which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union—regardless of skill or trade—thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more leverage in bargaining and in strike situations.
Sit Down Strike	Is a labor strike and a form of civil disobedience in which an organized group of workers, usually employed at factories or other centralized locations, take unauthorized or illegal possession of the workplace by "sitting down" at their stations.
The New Deal	A series of economic and social reforms. Included labour law reform; the idea was to grow the economy through labour peace, economic justice, and reduced inequality. The critical piece of legislation was the 1935 National Labour Relations Act, usually called the Wagner Act after its sponsor, Senator Robert Wagner.
Wagner Act	Legal framework stating that employers were required to negotiate with a union once it was certified. In exchange, unions had to give up the right to class action against employers.
Ottawa Strike	-major breakthrough for CA industrial unionism. -recognition strike at the General Motors Plant in Oshawa, Ontario -Wagner Act wasn’t yet in place in CA -strike lasted for 2 weeks -demanded 8 hr. workdays, better wages and work conditions, seniority system, and union recognition for the United Auto Workers (UAW) -strike was opposed by the government who created a police force called “sons of Mitches” to break up the strike -GM was scared they’d lose business so they gave in to the workers demands
Sons of Mitches	Created by Premier Mitchell Hepburn during the Oshawa Strike as a provincial police force (Ontario Police Force) to break up the strike.
PC-1003	Essentially the CA version of Wagner Act. Was recommended to the CA government by the National War Labour Board in 1944, and granted all the same things the Wagner Act in the US offered.
Industrial Relations and Disputes Investigation Act	Continued the terms of PC-1003 for two years after the expiration of the original framework.
Union Security	Critical for union stability; it would guarantee unions stable income by forcing those who benefited from the union to pay for the services they received. Essentially means employers began taking union dues off paychecks automatically.
Ivan Rand	Supreme Court Justice that granted mandatory dues check off. He is also known for the creation of the Rand Formula.
Ford Strike	-1945 -11,000 workers affiliated with the UAW went on strike at the Ford plant in Windsor, ON -2 months into the strike, another 8,000 UAW members at 25 plants representing Ford’s suppliers walked off the job in solidarity -main goal of the strike was to secure union security (agreement where employers would deduct union dues from workers pay at source- also called mandatory dues check off)
Stelco Strike of 1946	-Stelco had remained non unionized throughout the war -United Steel Workers of America organized there in 1946 -Stelco refused to recognize the union even though PC-1003 was in effect -strike lasted 10 weeks and was at times quite violent -Stelco prepared for a long strike and even built barracks on site for scab workers -unions eventually won union security and recognition
3 Paths to Union Certification	1. Voluntary Recognition 2. Card Check Certification 3. Mandatory Vote Certification
Union Avoidance Industry	Steps and measures taken by the management of a company to avoid unionization of the labourers.
Bargaining Unit	Group of employees with a clear and identifiable community of interests who are represented by a single labour union in collective bargaining.
Union Shop	A place of work where employers may hire non union workers who must join a labour union with an agreed upon time.
Agency Shop	Obliged to pay union dues whether you are a member or not. Employers may hire union and non union members.
Closed Shop	Place of work where membership in a union is a condition for being hired and for continued employment.
Open Shop	You can choose not to be a member of the union and choose not to pay fees. If a strike happens, you do not have to participate.
Final Offer Selection	Type of arbitration in which each party submits a complete contract, and the arbitrator chooses one or the other. The idea is to force compromise between the two parties.
Wildcat Strikes	Walkout- not approved by union leadership.
Illegal Job Action	Sit down strikes, often incurs fines.
Lockouts	Employers cease operations until unions agree to the collective bargaining terms.
Back to Work Legislations	Where government orders employees back to work and make them submit to a less than favorable settlement.
Essential Workers	People that are not allowed to strike because they are deemed essential by the government. This varies province to province, but includes all teachers in Manitoba, transit drivers in Ontario, and government officials in Alberta. Also, all emergency service workers (police, firefighters, paramedics) are considered to be part of this category of workers.
Contingent	Unions negotiate from a position of structural weakness relative to the employer.
3 Reasons the Nine Hours Movement is Important	1. It is an early example of unionized and non unionized workers working together 2. The movement's strategies were political; organizer's saw some gains could only be made through politics 3. led indirectly to the legalization of unions in Canada
Local	Most basic organizational unit of unions

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