Biology Defintions IGCSE

Frage	Antworten
Movement	The Action of an Organism Causing a Change in Position or Place
Respiration	The chemical reactiokns in cells that break down nutrient mollecules and release enrgy for metabolism
Sensitivity	The Ability to detect/sense stimuli in the internal or external enviroment and to make the appropriate responses
Growth	The permenant increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both
Reproduction	The processes that make more of the same kind of organism
Excretion	The removal from organisms of waste products of metabolism, toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements
Nutrition	The taking in of materials for energy, growth and development
Nutritional Needs of Plants	Light, CO2, Water, Ions
Nutritional Needs of Animals	Organic Compounds, Ions, Usually Water
Species	A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
Binomial System	The naming of a species by an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an animal is made up of 2 parts showing the genus and the species.
Diffusion	The net movement of particles form a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, down a concentration gradient, as a result of random movement
Active Transport	The movement of particles from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration up a concentration gradient, using energy from respiration
Osmosis	The movement of water particles from a region of higher water potential (dilute) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated) through a partially permeable membrane
Xylem Function	Transports water and dissolved mineral salts-movement is always up the stem. This is a part of transpiration
Phloem Function	Transports organic products of photosynthesis i.e. salts. This is translocation
Pathway of Water When Entering Cell	Soil to root hair cell to root cortex cells to xylem to mesophyll cells
Transpiration	Loss of water vapour from plant leaves by evaporation of water at the surfaces of the mesophyll cells followed by diffusion of water vapour through the stomata
Stomata	Stomata control transpiration, when the stomata are open, water can escape, when it is closed, very little water can escape
Translocation	The movement of sucrose and amino acids in phloem from regions of production (source) to regions of storage or where they are used in respiration or growth (sink).
Photosynthesis	The process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light
Photosynthesis Word Equation	Carbon Dioxide + Water = Glucose + Oxygen (In the presence of light and chlorophyll)
Photosynthesis Equation	6Co2 + 6H2O + C6H12O6 + 6O2 (In the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll)
Chlorophyll Use in Photosynthesis	Transfers light energy into chemical energy in molecules for the synthesis of carbohydrates
Limiting Factor	Something present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts a life process
Carbon Cycle	Photosynthesis, respiration, feeding, decomposition, fossilisation and combustion.
Nitrification	Occurs when organic material containing N compounds decompose and releases N into the soil in the form of ammonium ions. Nitrifying bacteria can produce N from these ions. This is nitrification.
Nitrogen Fixation	The process of bacteria converting N into a form that can be used by plants.
Eutrophication	The process by which farmers add nutrients to their water supply in order to increase yield.
Eutrophication Phases	1.Increased algae/surface plant numbers. 2.Light cannot reach other aquatic organisms. 3.Decomposers e.g. bacteria increase in number due to having more food, therefore reducing O2 availability. 4.Other aqautic organisms die due to lack of O2 availibility.
Aerobic Respiration	The chemical reactions in cells that use O2 to break down nutrient molecules to release energy.
Aerobic Respiration Word Equation	glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
Aerobic Respiration Chemical Equation	Image: Chemical Equation Respiration (binary/octet-stream)
Anaerobic Respiration Definition	The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen.
Word Equations Anaerobic Respiration	Glucose=Lactic Acid Glucose=Alcohol +Carbon Dioxide
Chemical Equation Anaerobic Respiration	C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
C Pairs With (DNA)	G
A Pairs With (DNA)	T
Far Away Object	Cillary muscles relax, lens becomes thin and wide
Near Object	Cillary muscles contract, lens bulges

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