Unit 9

Frage	Antworten
ledgers	= Bücher, Konten: the place where information of the journals is accumulated in specific categories
trial balance	= Rohbilanz: summary of the ledger information to check whether the figures are accurate. used for preparing the main financial statements
P&L	profit & loss account: summarizes business activity over a period of time; starts with revenues and deducts all of the costs related to producing that revenue
balance sheet	= Bilanz: reports the company's financial condition on a specific date
asset	= Vermögensgegenstand: is anything of value owned by a business
liability	= Verpflichtung: is any amount owed to a creditor
share capital	= Stammkapital: representing the original investment in the business when shares were first issued
retained profit	= nicht ausgeschütteter Gewinn: = reserves that have accumulated over time
working capital	= Umlaufvermögen: the positive difference between current assets and current liabilities; cash to keep the business running
bad debts	= the non-payments
factoring	using an outside company to recover a debt
cost centres	discrete business units where budgets are spent
profit centres	units where profits are generated
variance analysis	comparing planned costs with actual costs
direct costs	= cost of goods sold, includes manufacturing costs, salaries of manual workers, etc.; can be identified with one particular product
indirect costs	= operating expenses/overheads: costs which result from the whole business, eg rent, utilities;
a) Depreciation b)Amortization	a) refers to the loss in value of a tangible asset (vehicle) b) refers to the loss in value of an intangible asset (licence, trademark)
inventory	is the value of raw materials & stock
fixtures	= Vorrichtungen: are part of a building that cannot be moved, such as lights
accrued	= aufgelaufen, angesammelt: refers to expensed which have been incurred, but the money is not yet paid; accrued salaries = future bonuses
a leverage	= Verschuldungsgrad: the extent to which a firm relies on debt financing rather than equity financing
capital expenditure	= Investitionsaufwand: costs of buying or upgrading physical assets like buildings and machinery
marginal costs	the costs of increasing output by one more unit
to plough back	= reinvestieren (z.B. profits)
a) in the ballpark b) deceptive	a) in der Grössenordnung b) trügerisch, täuschend

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