Unit 4.1 Diversity of life

Frage	Antworten
Q: Define Species	A: a species is the smallest unit of biological classification & a group of similar individuals that interbreed to produce fertile offspring under natural condition.
Q: Define hybrids, hybridise & hybridisation	A: hybrids is an offspring of different species. hybridise is when 2 different species interbreed & hybridisation is the process of creating hybrids.
Q: Why is it that individuals of different species cannot interbreed to produce fertile offspring?	A: This is because of genetic incompatibility. species are genetically incompatible because of important differences in their DNA or chromosome structure & number.
Q: What are problems hybrids usually have?	A: They often have health problems or are infertile.
Q: Define hybrid vigour	A: the tendency of a cross-bred individual to show qualities superior to those of both parents.
Q: Give an example of hybridisation.	A: a cross between a male lion and a female tiger to produce a 'liger' & a horse between a donkey but their offspring are usually infertile.
Q: Define taxonomy.	A: the science of classifying organisims such as biological.
Q: Why is understanding & grouping organisms important?	A: it is important for agriculture, medicine & even survival.
Q: What were the 2 basic groups Aristotle classified, What did he recognize and what were the terms he first used?	A: The 2 basic groups are plants & animals. He recognized that some animals have a back bone & others didn't. He was the first to use the terms invertebrate and vertebrate.
Q: What is the difference between vertebrate and invertebrate?	A: animals with a backbone are called vertebrates and animals without a backbone are called invertebrates.
Q: Define Linnaean classification	A: a hierarchical system of classifying organisms, aimed at reflecting their evolutionary relationships.
Q: Define morphology	A: the physical form or structure of an organism.
Q: Define evolution & who was the first scientist to use the word?	A: Evolution is the change in the characteristics of a species over many generations. The first scientist to use it was Charles Lyell.
Q: The geological time scale had been developed and divided into 3 pairs, name them.	A: Paleozoic, Mesozoic & Cenozoic.
Q: Define generation.	A: The time between the birth of an individual & when that individual produces their own offspring.
Q: What does it mean when species become more or less complex?	A: whether a species become more or less complex, It depends on the characteristics the species need in order to survive in its environment.
Q: Who was Charles Darwin and what led him to believe that species could change?	A: He was an English biologist and while writing his book 'The voyage of the beagle' he began to wonder whether a species could change and collected specimens as he wrote.
Q: Who was Alfred Russel Wallace & how did he find out the contribution to the understanding of evolution & biogeoraphy.	A: He was an English biologist. He collected & studied over 126000 specimens, several thousand were new to science.
Q: Define artificial selection.	A: The process by which we choose to breed particular organisms with desirable features. artificial selection only happens over generations.
Q: What is cross-breeding & inbreeding?	A: cross- breeding is selective by combining in the offspring a desirable feature of one individual with a different desirable in another individual. Inbreeding is selective breeding between 2 closely related individuals.

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Unit 4.1 Diversity of life

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