Philosophy Final

Frage	Antworten
Modus Tollens Proof Setup	1) If A then B 2) It's not/It is the case that B is right/wrong 3) It's not/it is the case that A is right/wrong
What are the Subjective Theories of Criticism (subjective)?	1) Personal subjectivism 2) Relativism 3) Intutionism 4) Emotivism 5) Critical Singularism
What are the Theories of Interpretation (Instrumentalism)?	1) Beardsley 2) Goodman 3) Dickie
Argument outline: Give an argument using an instrumental theory of criticism.	S: Beardsley and Goodman R1: Beardsley = Flourishing society R2: Goodman = Cognitive/art helps the brain CA: Dickie says they're too simple or too neat Ref: Dickie only understands his own work. It's too complicated & long
Art example for Beardsley's flourishing society	Jackson Pollock's 'Summertime number 9A' because it creates a good feeling and a good feeling can create a calm or friendly society
Art example Goodman's cognitive	'Woman V' because it shows a manly looking woman who can take on anything. It creates talk amongst society and people to view women differently and it betters society
Outline: Give an argument using subjective theories of criticism	S: All of these subjective interpretations are wrong R1: not personal subj. (write using modus tollens) R2: not Emotivism (write using modus tollens) R3: Relativism (cultural relatvism art like masks... the art world says they are art because art world is standard. Not all cultures are same so they cannot be correct). CA: Crticial Singulrsm = All art is weird & uncomparable Ref: But you CAN and do compare artworks. There are similarities in art.
Outline: Give an argument using the elements of aesthetics	S:
What are the elements of aesthetics?	1) Intention 2) Symbolism 3) Metaphor 4) Expression
Personal Subjectivism	1) Subjective theory of INTERPRETATION 2) A person's personal opinion on an art piece 3) it differs from person to person
CA to personal subjectivism	it is not always that the art critic is correct because only the art world can decide whether or not the art is truly art
Intutionism	1) Subjective theory of INTERPRETATION 2) When you think you like something but don't know why... 3) Or when you don't like something and you're uncertain why... a gut feeling you don't understand.
CA to Intutionalism	There is no standard. If the person doesn't even know why they feel the way that they feel... then what is the standard to this entire theory? The fact that they don't know is not a strong enough base to make this the right theory. Plus you can always find things out if you don't know.
Emotivism	1) Subjective theory of INTERPRETATION 2) The way the art makes someone feel, but nobody else can read that from the person well. 3) The "Boo" or "Hoorah!" theory
CA to Emotivism	"Mmh" or "Aah" are just emotions, not a good interpretation to use when critquing art. Nobody knows what that means to that person!
Relativism	1) subjective Theory of INTERPRETATION 2) Cultural Relativism 3) One culture says their religious mask is not art whereas another culture says that the mask is art
CA to Relativism	The art world is the authority on when to say that the one culture's mask or pottery is art or not art
Theories of Interpretation (Instrumentalism)	1) Beardsley's Theory 2) Goodman's Theory 3) Dickie's Theory
Beardsley's Theory	1) Detached 2) No cognitive, and no morality 3) Flourshing society, the art helps influence emotions in society to make them more kind
Goodman's theory	1) Non-detached 2) Cognitive people 3) People will learn from the art
Dickie's Theory	1) Too complicated, he's the only one that understands it 2) Assigning numbers to art and comparing them 3) Does not give us an explanation of the art, only numbers
Intention	1) Element of AESTHETIC 2) The artist may be dead so the intention is up for debate 3) The artist may have gotten the intention wrong as even the art world may have gotten confused
Symbolism	1) Element of Aesthetics 2) Sometimes symbols are overused in art like the "lamb" of God 3) Sometimes the symbols are portrayed wrong (as in the art "Orange and Yellow" by Mark Rothko)
Metaphor	1) Element of aesthetics 2) uses "is" not like" 3) a good metaphor or a bad metaphor that makes sense to the viewer or not

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