Sex and Gender Key Terms

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Sex	Biological aspects of an individual.
Gender	A persons idea of themselves as being either male or female.
Sex Identity	Biological status of being male or female. E.g. females have XX chromosomes whereas males have the chromosomes XY.
Gender Identity	A psychological status - whether a person is masculine or feminine. This can be identified in a child through their attitudes and behaviour.
XX	Female sex chromosomes.
XY	Male sex chromosomes.
Hormones	Chemicals that effect development of the reproductive organs.
Oestrogen	A female hormone produced by the ovaries.
Testosterone	Male hormone released by the testes.
Phallic Stage	Freud's third stage of psychosexual development, in which gender development takes place.
Oedipus Complex	The conflict experienced by a boy in the phallic stage because he unconsciously desire his mother and fears his father.
Electra Complex	The conflict experienced by a girl because she unconsciously desires her father and is afraid of losing her mothers love.
Gender Stereotypes	Believing that all males are similar and that all females are similar.
Gender Schema	Amental building block of knowledge that contains information about each gender. Some gender schemas are based on stereotypes.
Gender Role	Behaviour seen as masculine or feminine by a particular culture.
Highly Gender Schematised	Where gender is an important way of thinking about the world so information is organised according to what gender is appropriate and what gender is inappropriate.
Identification	To adopt the attitudes and behaviour of the same-sex parent.
Modelling	A role model provides an example for the child.
Imitation	Copying the behaviour of a model.
Vicarious Reinforcement	Learning from the model's being either rewarded or punished.

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Sex and Gender Key Terms

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