Key terms

Frage	Antworten
osmosis	The net movement of water molecules from a higher water potential to a lower water potential through a semi-permeable membrane.
hypotonic solution	where there is a greater concentration of solutes inside the cell than outside
hypertonic solution	where there is a greater concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside
isotonic solution	where the concentration of solutes is equal inside the cell and outside
dependant variable	is the one that you measure, it depends on the independent variable
independent variable	is the one that you change
flaccid	a plant cell that is limp (has lost water)
turgid	a plant cell that is fully inflated with water
plasmolysed	a plant cell that has lost water, causing the cell membrane to pull away from the inside of the cell wall
crenation	shrinking an animal cell by osmosis
lysis	bursting an animal cell by osmosis
angiosperms	flowering plants
gymnosperms	conifers
1 millimeter =	1000 micrometers
1 micrometer =	1000 nanometers
reducing sugar	any sugar that is capable of acting as a reducing agent because it has a free aldehyde group or a free ketone group
interspecific and intraspecific variation	interspecific is between different species intraspecific is within a species
continuous and discontinuous variation	continuous is a measurable value (height) discontinuous is categorised data (colour)
mitosis (name and explain the stages)	Image: Mitosis (binary/octet-stream)
meiosis	cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores
active and passive immunity	active is when the immune system produces it's own antibodies, passive is when antibodies are transferred from an outside source
endocytosis and exocytosis	endocytosis is bringing substances into the cell (pinocytosis and phagocytosis) exocytosis is secreting membrane-bound vesicles of molecules out of the cell
phagolysosome	a combined phagosome and lysosome formed during phagocytosis
opsonin	chemicals the bind to pathogens so they can be more easily recognised by phagocytes
phagosome	a vacuole enclosing a pathogen that has been engulfed by a phagocyte
cytolosis	bursting of a animal cell caused by a hypotonic solution
erythrocytes	red blood cells
neutrophils	a type of white blood cells that form an essential part of the innate immune system
intra inter	intra in within inter is between
etiolation	plants having long, weak stems and a pale yellow colour caused by skotomorphogenesis (the development of seedlings in the dark)
chlorosis	yellowing of leaves of plants, caused by iron or magnesium deficiency or other factors
rare and common blood types	AB negative is the rarest O positive is the most common
apoptosis	a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
macromolecule	a very large molecule like a protein commonly composed of monomers

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