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Beschreibung
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| The Second Viennese School | A group of composers that comprised of Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils and associates in the 29th century in Vienna where he lived and taught between 1903 - 1925. Initially characterized by romanticism and later, following Schoenbergs evolutions a chromatic expressionism without firm tonal center and later still his twelve tone technique. |
| Timeline | 1874 - Born in Austria 1899 - Transfigured Night 1904 - Began teaching Berg and Webern 1908 - Three piano pieces op. 11 (first totally atonal work). 1909 - The Book of the Hanging Garden and Five PIano PIeces for orchestra 1911 - published his treatise on harmony "Harmonielehre" 1923 - Suite for PIano op 23 1933 - Went to Paris then Barcelona 1934 - Moved to L.A 1936 - String Quartet no. 4 1944 - Retired from teaching 1951 - Dies |
| Additional notes | - One of the most influential musicians of his time - Primarily self-taught - Competent violinist and cello player Influenced by Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms - His early music was championed by Mahler and Strauss. Fine Expressionist painter - Intense, uncompromising man |
| First creative period | Tonal music. Birth - 1908. Chromaticism of Wagner and post romantics and motivic development of Brahms. Pushes tonality to the brink. A new direction begins to emerge in these pieces: String Quartet no. 1 Transfigured Night Chamber Symphony no. 1 Gurrelieder (oratorio) |
| Second Creative Period | Atonal music. 1908 - 1923. Continues with evolution of chromatic scale as norm. This shocked the musical world. "Expressionism." Second String Quartet (last movement), Five pieces for orchestra, Book of the Hanging Gardens (song cycle), Erwarteng, |
| Third Creative Period | Twelve tone music. 1923 - 1951. Employed a series of notes in a given order called a row. Known as serial composition. Schoenberg used all 12 tones to create his music this is known as 12 tone music or dodecaphonic. Notes may be used in any enharmonic spelling or octave. |
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