Biology GCSE

Frage	Antworten
What is Nutrition? Why is it helpful and what does it do?	Obtaining of food, which provides the energy that living organisms need for the processes they carry out. It also provides the molecules that are built into other molecules that make up the substance of the living material.
How do green plants obtain their food?	By taking in simple molecules
What is photosynthesis?	The process when green plants trap energy from the sun and use this to build complex molecules from these simple molecules.
Why is photosynthesis important?	It is the route by which energy is captured by a living organism and distributed through the living world to allow life as we know it.
What are the reactants in photosynthesis?	Carbon dioxide and water
What is required to produce amino acids from glucose?	Nitrates
What is a compensation point?	The light intensity at which the rate of photosynthesis is equal to the rate of respiration of a plant.
Which parts of the electromagetic spectrum are absorbed by the chlorophyll molecule?	Red and blue parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are absorbed by the chlorophyll molecule.
What are heterotrophic animals?	Animals that obtain food from a range of different sources.
Why are plants autotrophic?	They build up their own food
What is respiration?	Respiration is the process that releases energy locked within substances such as glucose.
Where does respiration take place?	In the cells of all living organisms
How does respiration take place?	It is a series of chemical reactions and usually oxygen is required and carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste products.
What happens to the energy released from respiration used?	The energy released is transferred to a molecule (such as the ATP) that acts like an energy battery, which stores the energy until it is needed to power a process in the living cell
What is Gas Exchange?	The process of getting oxygen from the air into cells and getting the waste carbon dioxide out of the organism.
What are metabolic reactions?	Chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of living organisms.
What do metabolic reactions do?	They form pathways in which each step involves changing substances into other materials.
What is excretion?	The process by which substances (often produced by metabolic reactions) are eliminated from the plant or animal.
Examples of Waste Products	Carbon Dioxide from Respiration Oxygen from Photosynthesis Urea eliminated from the kidney in the urine
What are receptors?	Special organs that detect stimulus. e.g. the eye for light and the ear for sound
Why is the nervous system important for responding to surroundings?	It coordinates a quick response, using muscles (that enable the person to move away from danger).
How do plants respond to their surroundings?	Plants respond much slower than an animal. They grow in a particular direction in response to the direction of light or gravity.
How can plants move?	Movement usually involves part of a plant, rather than the whole organism. Some plants (e.g. climbing beans or peas) produce tendrils.
What is locomotion?	Being able to move from place to place.
What is the term homeostasis used to describe?	The maintenance of the internal environment of an organism within the required limits.
What are the mechanisms plants can use to control the internal environment on a hot day?	The stomatal pores on leaves may close to prevent loss of water vapour.
What are methods of asexual reproduction?	Microscopic organisms may simply divide into two. In other organisms, a piece breaks off and is able to grow into a new individual. This may occur in plants and animals
How does sexual reproduction occur?	It occurs as a result of two special cells joining together. One from the male and one from the female. Usually the egg and the sperm.
What is a zygote?	A single fertilised egg cell. In sexual reproduction a new individual will start off as this.

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