Unit 2 Vocabulary

Frage	Antworten
Alexander the Great	356 BCE - 323 BCE Successor of Philip II who conquered most of the ancient world from Asia Minor to Egypt to India and founded the Hellenistic culture
Aristotle	384 BCE - 322 BCE Greek philosopher who was a student of Plato, studied natural and social sciences, and taught Alexander the Great
Ashoka	270 BCE - 232 BCE Grandson of Chandragupta Maurya who was a brutal ruler of the Mauryan Empire until he converted to Buddhism and became peaceful
Augustus Caesar (Octavian)	63 BCE - 14 CE First Roman Emperor and adopted son of Julius Caesar who defeated Mark Antony to gain power and was part of the second triumvirate
Buddhism	Religion founded in India by Siddhartha Guatama who believed that all life is suffering which is caused by desire and can be ended using the Eightfold Path
Calligraphy	Art of beautiful handwriting that is used around the world as a form of writing and decoration
Caste System	Hindu social class system determined by heredity that controlled every aspect of their lives
Confucianism	Teachings of Chinese philosopher Confucius that focuses on ethics, education, stable government, and an orderly society
Emperor Constantine	272 CE - 337 CE Roman emperor who moved the capital to Constantinople and issued the Edict of Milan which outlawed the persecution of Christians
Consuls	Two patrician officials in Rome who participated in government matters
Daoism	Philosophical system founded by Laozi which rejected political ideas, taught that people are guided by a universal force called Dao, and focused on peace
Diocletian	284 CE - 305 CE Roman emperor who divided the empire into an East and West in an attempt to make it easier to control
Greek "Classical Age"	500 BCE - 338 BCE The Golden Age of Greece where major ideas and achievements flourished (architecture, art, philosophies, etc.)
Gupta Empire	320 CE - 550 CE Successor of the Mauryan Empire that was founded by Chandra Gupta, referred to as the Golden Age of India, and characterized by peace, prosperity, and trade
Han Wudi	141 BCE - 87 BCE "Martial Emperor" Greatest emperor of the Han Dynasty who created the civil service exam and promoted Confucianism
Hellenistic Culture	323 BCE - 30 BCE Alexander's mixture of Greek, Egyptian, Indian, and Persian cultures that showed cultural diffusion and created major trade routes
Hinduism	Religion that originated in India and believed in the caste system, Brahman, karma, atman, samsara, and moksha
Julius Caesar	100 BCE - 44 BCE Roman patrician who formed the first triumvirate, conquered Gaul, became Rome's dictator for life, was assassinated by a group of senators, and was a major reason for Rome becoming an Empire
Laozi	Chinese philosopher who founded Daoism and taught that nature was more important than government
Legalism	Chinese philosophical system founded by Hanfeizi which taught that humans are evil and believed that government should have strict control
Mauryan Dynasty	324 BCE - 183 BCE Indian empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya that developed Jainism and promoted Buddhism
Patricians	Wealthy landowners who made up Rome's upper class and held most of the government power
Plebeians	Laboring commoners who made up Rome's lower class and fought for political reforms
Pax Romana	200 years of peace in Rome that allowed Rome to artistically and intellectually flourish
Phoenicians	Maritime people who developed around present day Lebanon, created an alphabet, and were the first to sail the Mediterranean
Plato	430 BCE - 347 BCE Greek philosopher who was Socrates' most famous student and described his ideal government in "The Republic"
Qin Dynasty	221 BCE - 206 BCE Chinese dynasty founded by Huangdi that started the construction of the Great Wall
Reincarnation	Hinduism and Buddhism belief that the soul is reborn in different forms after death
Roman Republic	509 BCE - 31 BCE Rome was governed by the aristocratic Roman senate which produced the Twelve Tables
Roman Empire	31 BCE - 476 CE Empire established by Augustus Caesar that conquered a lot of land and later started the Byzantine Empire
Scholar-Gentry Class	Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local landholding aristocracy and the officeholders that served as the highest class
Secularism	The belief that religious concerns should be separate from the government
Roman Senate	Advisory council whose members were wealthy landowners who helped govern the growing empire
Shi Huangdi	259 BCE - 210 BCE "First Emperor" Ruler of the Qin Dynasty in China
Siddhartha Guatama	563 BCE - 483 BCE "Buddha" Founder of Buddhism who created the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path
Socrates	470 BCE - 399 BCE Roman philosopher who asked ethical questions and thought about human nature and the ability to reason
Terra Cotta Army	Lifesize terra cotta soldiers in an underground tomb that were used to protect Shi Huandgi in his afterlife
Roman Tribunes	Two plebeian officials elected into the Roman senate who had the right to veto laws
Roman Triumvirate	A group of three leaders First: Julius Caesar, Crassus, Pompeius Second: Octavian, Lepidus, Mark Antony
Upanishads	Sacred text of Hinduism that discusses the relations of humans, gods, and the universe
Rig Veda	Hinduism's sacred text that is a collection of Sanskrit hymns which contain information about spiritual and philosophical ideas
Warring States Period	475 BCE - 221 BCE Battles between Zhou and Qin which resulted in an increase of power for the nobility

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