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| Frage | Antworten |
| what does prokaryotic means? | before organelles |
| what is the term for cells with a "true nucleus"? | eukaryotic |
| what type of cell is found in all multi-cellular organisms? | eukaryotic |
| what is the cytoskeleton is made up of? | protein fibers |
| what are the three parts of the nucleus are? | nuclear envelope chromatin nucleolus |
| what is the chromatin is made up of? | strands of DNA |
| what types of molecules do ribosomes assemble? | proteins |
| what type of molecules are synthesized be smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | lipids |
| what types of proteins are synthesized by rough endoplasmic reticulum? | protein channels and pumps |
| what cell structures digests food particles and destroys defective organelles? | lysosomes |
| which cell structure produces energy via cellular respiration? | mitochondria |
| how much energy does aerobic metabolism produce compared to anaerobic? | 18 to 19 times more than anerobic |
| what does aerobic mean? | with air |
| what does anaerobic mean? | without air |
| what is the process of releasing energy from glucose molecules called? | cellular respiration |
| where does photosynthesis occur? | chloroplasts |
| what substances are stored by plastids? | pigments starches lipids |
| contractile vacuoles allow paramecium to get rid of ? | excess water |
| what structure provides for the movement of cells and the support and movement of organelles? | cytoskeleton |
| what type of material is the cytoskeleton composed of? | proteins |
| what subunits are used to build microtubules? | tubulin |
| cilia allow paramecium to ? | move |
| what human system uses cilia to remove debris? | respiratory |
| flagella means? | whip |
| what are myosin proteins required for? | movement of muscle cells |
| what chemical is an intermediate filament composed of? | keratin |
| why does a red blood cell have a rounded, dimpled shape? | to enhance its ability to carry oxygen AND travel freely through the circulatory system |
| All cells contain a? : | cell membrane. |
| Which organisms are composed of cells that do not contain nuclei? | prokaryotes |
| The cell structure that attaches carbohydrates to protein molecules is the | Golgi apparatus |
| the cell membrane is? | a two-layered structure composed of lipids and proteins. |
| Which two organelles occur in plant cells but not animal cells? | cell walls and chloroplasts |
| Cell specialization means that cells in an organism are uniquely suited to? | perform a specific function |
| The idea that all cells arise from the division of preexisting cells was first stated by? | Rudolf Virchow |
| If a more concentrated salt solution is on one side of a membrane and a less concentrated salt solution is on the other side, water molecules tend to pass through the membrane? | from the less concentrated to the more concentrated solution |
| in many cells, the structure that controls the cell's activities is the? | nucleus |
| despite differences in size and shapes, all cells have cytoplasm and a ? | nucleus |
| If a cell contains a nucleus, the organism is a ? | eukaryotic |
| distinct threadlike structures containing genetic information are called? | chromosones |
| which organelle converts the chemical energy in food into a form that the cells can use? | montochondrion |
| cell membranes are constructed mainly of? | lipid bilayer |
| the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is known as? | osmosis |
| a substance that moves across a cell membrane without using the cell's energy tends to move? | away from the area where it is more concentrated |
| What is a cell? | A COLLECTION OF LIVING MATER ENCLOSED BY A BARRIER THAT SPERATES THE CELL FROM ITS SURROUNDINGS; BASIC UNIT OF ALL LIFE FORMS |
| What is CELL THEORY? | THE IDEA THAT 1. ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF CELLS 2. CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNIT OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN LIVING THINGS, |
| What is the nucleus? | The center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell activities |
| What is an EUKARYOTE | Organisms whose cells contain nuclei |
| What is a PROKARYOTE | Unicellular organism lacking a nucleuos |
| What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic? | Prokaryotic cells have genetic material that is not contained in a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell. |
| What is an organelle? | a specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| What is cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane - not including the nucleus |
| What is the nuclear envelope (membrane)? | layer of two membranes that surround the nucleus of a cell |
| What is chromatin? | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins. |
| What is chromosome? | threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next |
| What is the nucleolus? | small, dense region within the nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begin |
| What is ribosome? | small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and proteins |
| What is endoplasmic reticulum? | internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified |
| What is Golgi apparatus? | stack of membrane in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasm reticulum |
| What is lysosome? | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| What is a vacuole? | cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| What is mitochondrion? | cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| What is chloroplast? | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
| What is cytoskeleton? | network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
| What is centriole? | one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope |
| What is the cell membrane? | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| What is the cell wall? | strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants. algae and some bacteria |
| What is the lipid bilayer? | double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
| To what does concentration refer? | the mass of solute in given volume of solution, mass/volume |
| What is diffusion? | process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| What is cell specialization? | the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| What is tissue? | the group of similar cells that perform a PARTICULAR function |
| What is an organ? | group of tissues that work together to perform closely RELATED functions |
| What is organ system? | groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
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