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| Frage | Antworten |
| Allopatric Speciation | speciation in which gene flow is prevented by a geographical barrier |
| ATP | molecule used for energy transfer in cells |
| ATP synthase | membrane-bound enzyme that synthesises ATP |
| Heart | Atrium; receiving blood entering a chamber vertebrate heart Ventricle; chamber of a vertebrate heart that distributes blood |
| Back-cross | crossing an F1 hybrid organism with a parental type to maintain characteristics of a new breed |
| Bacteria | a domain of life |
| Beef extract | complex growth medium for microorganism |
| Behavioural Barrier | barrier to gene flow caused by behavioural differences between individuals |
| Biodiversity | variety and relative abundance of species |
| Bioinformatics | use of computers and statistics in analysis of sequence data |
| Biological Control | method of controlling pests using natural predators, parasites or disease |
| Species | group of similar organisms interbreeding to produce fertile offspring |
| Biological Yield | total dry mass increase |
| Bottleneck Effect | inability of a species to evolve due to lack of genetic diversity |
| Calvin Cycle | carbon fixation stage of photosynthesis |
| Catabolic | metabolic activity that releases energy in breakdown reactions |
| Chlorophyll | green pigment molecule in plants that absorbs red and blue light for photosynthesis |
| Chloroplast | organelle in which the chemical reactions of photosynthesis occur |
| Chromosome | structure that contains the genetic material of an organism encoded into DNA |
| Citric Acid Cycle | second stage of aerobic respiration, occurring in the matrix of mitochondria |
| Codon | sequence of three bases on mRNA that specifies an amino acid |
| Compartment | small membrane-bound region of a cell |
| Competition | struggle for existence between two organisms |
| Competitive inhibition | the slowing of reaction rate due to the presence of a substance resembling the substrate |
| Conformer | animal whose internal environment is dependant on its environment |
| Consequential dormancy | dormancy that occurs in response to the onset of adverse conditions |
| Cooperative Hunting | hunting behaviour in which individuals work together to catch prey |
| Cross-breeding | breeding organisms of different genotypes together |
| Cultivar | variety of cultivated crop |
| Cytosine (C) | base that pairs with guanine (G) |
| Death phase | phase of microorganism growth in which death rate of cells exceeds rate of cell division |
| Dehydrogenase | enzyme which removes hydrogen from its substrate; important in the citric acid cycle |
| Deletion (genes) | chromosome mutation in which a sequence of genes is lost from a chromosome |
| Differentiation | changes to cells involving switching on certain genes and switching off other |
| Directional selection | natural selection that tends to favour an extreme value of a varied characteristics |
| Disruptive selection | natural selection that favours two different values of a varied characteristic |
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