Flood Case Studies

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Bangladesh 1998 Flood	Image: f51ff444-70cf-477b-80cf-011c8566aba0 (image/jpg)
Facts of flood	•Flood occurred September 1998 •Bangladesh lies on the tropic of cancer •3 main rivers, Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna •Bordered by India and Burma •Flood prone country
Causes - Physical	•Monsoon season between may - September •Band of tropical cyclones •Glacier melting •Drainage basin is bigger than the country so the whole country is a flood plain •Low lying country, only 12m above sea level
Causes - Human	•Climate change •Large population •Urbanisation •Deforestation •Poor drainage •Rivers silting up
Effects - Human	•1000+ died •30 million left homeless •Houses destroyed •Livelihoods ruined •Displacement of people •Spread of diseases eg. Cholera
Effects - Environmental	•670,000 hectors of land was destroyed •2 million tonnes of rice was destroyed •Char islands which people lived on were eroded away •Soil is easily eroded destroying crops and houses •Rivers were polluted with soil
Response - Short term	•Oxfam handed out and donated survival kits with water purifying tablets. •Emergency food aid was handed out, 350,000 tonnes of cereal •Find temporary accommodation for homeless people •Boats were sent out to save the stranded people
Response - Long term	•Emergency flood warnings and systems were planned for future flood events •Many management schemes were set up to reduce damage from future floods •Flood protection building built
Management Schemes - Hard	•Flood walls were built east and west of Dhaka, however these need to be maintained and are very expensive to build •Pumping stations to divert and store water away from villages and homes
Management Schemes - Soft	•Cluster villages were built. These are villages with houses built on stilts, with a small plot of land, a local school and shared facilities •Afforestation schemes set up to plant trees in the Meghalaya hills to delay the transfer of water to the river
Boscastle 2004 Flood	Image: 50f2238a-7b84-4d6b-a8b8-217f881b73f1 (image/jpg)
Facts	Coastal village Tourist orientated 2 RIvers, Jordan and Valency
Causes - Physical	•Rainfall - 200mm fell in 24 hours, most fell in 5 hours, peak intensity was 5mm per minute. Extreme storm. •Relief - Extremely steep slopes surround the village, narrow valley, small catchment created a small lag time. •Rock Type - Underlying rock is Devonian slate which is impermeable, the valley is sandstone but was extremely saturated causing run off. •Antecedent Conditions - High water table, saturated soils, rain fell on previous days. •River Channel - Fairly narrow channel, no management such as raised banks causing flood to be more likely. •Bridges - Bridge in the town caused debris to build up blocking the channel, causing water to build up.
Causes - Human	•No Management - No management which increased the likeliness of floods. •Drainage - Old sewer which wasn't efficient. •Urbanisation - car park at top of village which is impermeable rock
Short term effects - Social	•150 people were all lifted to safety •No deaths, only one broken thumb •Due to road blockages, people couldn't escape •People left homeless for the night •Stress and anxiety •One positive, there was a lot of media coverage
Short term effects - Environmental	•Roads blocked off •Boulders and trees strewn in the streets •Huge build up of silt and debris •Roads, Bridges, paths washed away
Short term effects - Economic	•104 cars swept out to the sea causing 50 to be completely destroyed. •Businesses, such as 'Museum of witchcraft' and homes were destroyed. •Shops and houses torn in half, causing stock and belongings to be damaged. •£250,000 damage to roads.
Long term effects - Social	•Damage to possessions and valuables •Residents moved to temporary accommodation whilst homes were fixed •Residents affected psychologically
Long term effects - Environmental	•Damage to buildings •Positive is that everything is now new and clean •Took 1 year + to rebuild some buildings
Long term effects - Economic	•Insurance claims •Downturn in visitor numbers affecting income to the businesses •Damage to stock costing a lot of money
Responses	•£447,000 received from Bellwin scheme to help pay for damages •£10 million flood defence scheme by the Environmental agency •£15 million in insurance claims •7 helicopters flew in, 3 from RAF, 3 from Royal Navy and 1 Coastguard •Build flood defences, widen and deepen the river, flood walls, bridge improvement, braiding the river, drain improvement. •Rebuild houses and businesses •Organise tour for Prince Charles, who said the emergency team were ‘amazing’ and praised the ‘astonishing resilience’ of the residents

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