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Beschreibung
Karteikarten von caitlindavies8, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von caitlindavies8
vor mehr als 9 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| Pyschopathology | The study of mental, emotional and behavioural problems |
| Social Norms | Standards of acceptable behaviour that are set by the social group |
| 'Deviation from social norms'- abnormality | Definition that sees abnormality as behaviour that violates expected standards of how people should behave |
| Maladaptive behaviour | behaviour that prevents a person from achieving major life goals such as enjoying good relationships with others |
| 'Failure to function adequately'- abnormality | Definition that views a person as abnormal if they experience suffering and distress and are unable to cope with everyday activities |
| 'Deviation from ideal mental health'- abnormality | Definition that focuses on criteria from normality and if a person deviates from these ideas this would indicate abnormality |
| ICD-10 and DSM-IV | Classification systems used in psychiatry to diagnose someone with a specific disorder |
| Concordance rate | If one twin has a disorder, the likelihood that the other twin also has it |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemicals that transmit nerve impulses from one nerve to the next, e.g. serotonin |
| Hormones | Chemicals released into the bloodstream by the endocrine system, e.g. cortisol |
| Reductionist | Tries to explain something complex by reducing it to a simple explanation, typically by focussing on just one factor |
| Deterministic | Sees behaviour being shaped or controlled by internal or external forces rather than by the person's free will |
| Diathesis-stress hypothesis | Proposal that people might inherit a genetic vulnerability or risk factor that then interacts with environmental stressor to produce a disorder |
| Frontal lobotomy | Treatment that involves cutting pathways in the brain |
| Electro convulsive therapy (ECT) | Passing a small electric current through the brain to cause a seizure. Still used to treat depression |
| Psychiatric drugs | Drugs that modify the working of the brain and affect mood and behaviour |
| Classical conditioning | A form of learning based on association between two stimuli |
| Operant conditioning | A form of learning based on reinforcement |
| Social learning | A form of learning based on observation and imitation |
| Systematic desensitisation | A treatment that involves counter-conditioning where a person is trained to substitute a relaxation response for the fear response |
| Aversion therapy | A treatment where the aim is to replace an undesirable association by associating the undesirable behaviour with an unpleasant stimulus |
| Id | Part of personality that is present from birth, develops during the oral stage and is based on the pleasure principal |
| Ego | Part of the personality that develops during the anal stage and is based on the reality principal |
| Superego | Part of personality that develops during the phallic stage and is our sense of morality or conscience |
| Ego defence mechanisms | These are used by the ego to prevent anxiety resulting from psychic conflict reaching consciousness |
| Psychoanalysis | Talking therapy that attempts to uncover repressed material and help the client understand the origins of their problems |
| Free association | Technique where the client is encouraged to express anything that comes into their mind |
| Manifest content | The part of the dream that the client can recall |
| Latent content | The actual meaning of the dream that is revealed through the therapist's interpretation |
| Resistance | Anything that prevents the progress of therapy. It can be concious or unconscious |
| Transference | This occurs when the client transfers attitudes from the past towards the therapist |
| Polarised thinking | A cognitive bias that involves seeing everything in black and white |
| Magnification | A cognitive bias that involves making a mountain out of a molehill |
| Overgeneralisation | A cognitive bias that involves making sweeping generalisations from a single event |
| Cognitive triad | Three forms of negative thinking typical of someone suffering from depression. Negative view of the self, world and future. |
| CBT | Therapy that involves challenging a person's irrational cognitions and replacing them with more realistic ones |
| REBT | CBT technique developed by Ellis, based on the ABC technique of irrational beliefs |
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