Anthropology Final

Frage	Antworten
AAVE (African American Vernacular English)	A form of English spoken by many African Americans, particularly among those of rural or urban- class backgrounds.
Achieved/ Ascribed status	A social position that is substantially based on life experiences. / A social position based entirely on birth (kings, queens, princes, duchesses)
Animism	The notion that all objects, living and nonliving, are imbued with spirits.
Applied Anthropology	The application of anthropology to the solution of human problems.
Anthropology	The comparative studies of of human societies and cultures.
Assimulation	A process through which immigrants were expected to abandon their distinctive cultures in favor of an American identity.
Basic Human Needs Approach	Projects aimed at providing access to clean water, education, and health care for the poorest of the worlds people.
Balanced Reciprocity	The giving and receiving of goods of a nearly equal value with a clear obligation of a return gift within a specified time limit.
Bilateral Descent	System of descent under which individuals are equally affiliated with their mother's side and their father's side.
Caste	An endogamous, ranked, and permanent group based on ascribed status. (See "ascribed")
Caste System	Social stratification based on birth or ascribed status in which social mobility between castes is not possible.
Clan	An unilineal kinship group whose members believe themselves to be descended from a common ancestor but who cannot trace this link through known representatives.
Class	A category of people who all have about the same opportunity to obtain economic resources, power, and prestige and who are ranked relative to other categories.
Class System	A form of social stratification in which the different strata form a continuum and social mobility is possible.
Cognitive Anthropology	A theoretical approach that defines culture in terms of the rules and meaning underlying human behavior, rather than behavior itself.
Collaborative Anthropology	Ethnography that gives priority to informants on the topic, methodology, and written results of research.
Collateral Kin	Kin descended from a common ancestor but not in a direct ascendent or descendent line, such as siblings and cousins.
Comparitive Linguistics	The science of documenting the relationships between languages and grouping them into language families.
Composite (compound) Family	An aggregate of nuclear families linked by a common spouse.
Consanguineal Kin	Relationship by blood.
Conflict Theory	A perspective on social stratification that focuses on economic inequality as a source of conflict change.
Cultural Anthropology	The comparative study of human societies and cultures. Cultural anthropologists examine thought, meaning, and behavior that is learned rather than genetically transmitted, and that is typical of groups of people.
Cultural Relativisim	The notion that cultures should be analyzed with reference to their own histories and values, in terms of the cultural whole, rather than according to the values of one another.
Cultural Resource Management (CRM)	The protection and management of archaeological, archival, and architectural resources.
Culture Shock	Feelings of alienation and helplessness that result from rapid immersion in a new and different culture.
Descent	The culturally established affiliation between parent and child.
Dialect	The grammatical constructions that deviate from those used b the socially dominant group in a society.
Ebonics	a form of English spoken by many African Americans, particularly those among rural or urban - working class backgrounds.
Emic	a study that attempts to capture what ideas and practices mean to members of culture.
Enculturation	The process of learning to be a member of a particular cultural group.
Enthocentrism	Judging other cultures from the perspective of one's own culture; the notion that ones own culture is more beautiful, rational, and nearer to perfection than others.
Ethnography	The description of a society or culture. Ethnography refers to both the process of qualitative, fieldwork based research and the written results of that research.
Etic	a study that describes and analyzes culture according to principles and theories drawn from the Western specific traditions.
Hegemony	The dominance of a political elite based on a close identification of their own goals and those of the larger society.
Holistic / Holism	In anthropology, an approach that considers culture, history, language, and biology essential to complete understanding of human society.
Horticulture	Production of plants using simple, non mechanized technology; fields are not used continuously.
Human Variation	The mapping and explaining of physical differences among modern human groups.
Kindred	A unique kin network made up of all the people related to a specific individuals a bilateral kinship system.
Kinship	a culturally defined relationship established on the basis of blood ties or through marriage.
Lexicon	The total stock of words in a language.
Lineage	A group of kin whose members trace descent from a known common ancestor.
Modernization Theory	a model of development that predicts that nonindustrial societies will move in the social and technological direction of industrialized nations.
Patrilinealage	a lineage formed by descent of the male line.
Semiotics	The study of the role of signs and symbols in communication and meaning.
Sororate	The custom in which when a males wife dies, her sister is given to him as a wife.
Stratified Society	A society characterized by formal, permanent social and economic inequality.
Transculturation	The transformation of adopted cultural traits, resulting in new cultural forms.

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