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| Frage | Antworten |
| 3 types of norms | 1. folkways - simple everyday norms 2. mores - based on societal morals 3. laws - supported by codified social sanctions |
| boundary maintaining | it controls the fluctuation of its consistent parts so that the whole retains a limited range of activity |
| cultural integrity | a voluntary restriction on its own potential for expansion |
| ABC's of deviance | attitudes behaviors conditions |
| rate busting | overconformity that is negatively evaluated |
| deviance admiration | underconformity or nonconformity that is evaluated positively |
| negative deviance | underconformity or nonconformity that is evaluated negatively |
| positive deviance | overconformity that is evaluated positively |
| interactionist perspective | defines deviance as the infraction of some agreed upon rule |
| the degree to which an act will be treated as deviant depends on | who commits the act and who feels he has been harmed by it |
| what has increased societies based on shared culture rather than on narrow calculations of individual self-interest? | globalization |
| when are moral panics more likely to grow? | in an attempt to clarify the moral boundaries |
| the official definition of crime | crime as a legal definition of human conduct is created by agents of the dominant class in a politically organized society |
| conflict theory of crime | represents the social power perspective on defining deviance. criminals are conceptualized as powerless and oppressed people who threaten the interests of the ruling class. |
| All persons - whether they create definitions of crime or are the objects of these definitions - act in | reference to normative systems learned in relative social and cultural settings |
| The probability that persons will develop action patterns with a high potential for being defined as criminal depends on | 1. structured opportunities 2. learning experiences 3. interpersonal associations & identifications 4. self-conceptions |
| An ideology of crime is constructed and diffused by what? | the dominant class to secure hegemony |
| What is one of the most concrete ways by which an ideology of crime is formed and transmitted? | the official investigation of crime |
| How is the social reality of crime constructed? | 1. the formulation and application of definitions of crime 2. the development of behavior patterns in relation to these definitions 3. the construction of an ideology of crime |
| "phycological man" | replaced the Christian Man and rejected both the idea of sin and the need for salvation |
| According to Durkheim's anomie view, why do people internalize social norms? | because of their attachment to others |
| According to Brooks, in order to cope with the implications of the new reality, we must | "construct hard principles" of moral consensus |
| In regards to the labeling theory, Becker locates the root of deviance where? | in the response of people rather than the act itself, and the chain of events that follow once people have labeled acts and their perpetrators as deviant |
| In the labeling theory, whether an act is deviant or not depends on what? | the nature of the act (does it violate a rule) and what other people do about it |
| According to the labeling theory, deviance lies with in what? | the interaction between the person who commits an act and those who respond to it |
| According to Hughes' analysis, some statuses | override all other statuses and have a certain priority (distinction between master and subordinate statuses) |
| In regards to integrated typology of deviance, the behaviors and conditions of more powerful actors are less likely to | be deviantized than those of the less powerful |
| Deviant behavior actually serves as a test of | power relationships |
| According to Erikson, the institutions and agencies mandated to manage deviance also do what? | reinforce it |
| What is found in society that marks boundaries? | the behavior of its members - the networks of interaction which link these members together in regular social relations |
| How do the members of a community inform one another about the placement of their boundaries? | by participating in the confrontations which occur when person who venture out of the edges of the group are met by policing agents |
| Boundaries only remain meaningful when | they are repeatedly tested by persons on the fringes of the group and repeatedly defended by persons chosen to represent the group's inner morality |
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