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| Frage | Antworten |
| The vaccine for Japanese Encephalitis is? A. Live (mutant) vaccine B. Killed vaccine C. Live (attenuated) vaccine D. Live (recombinant) vaccine | Correct answer : B. Killed vaccine The vaccine for Japanese Encephalitis is a killed vaccine. The virus is grown in mouse brain and is inactivated by formalin. Influenza vaccine can be of various types – Live (mutant), Live (attenuated) and Live (recombinant) forms. |
| Which of the following is a human RNA virus? A. Parvovirus B. Picornavirus C. Papovavirus D. Poxvirus | Correct answer : B. Picornavirus |
| All are true regarding superantigens except? A. Activate very large numbers of B cells B. Bind outside the antibody binding groove C. Are medium sized proteins D. Cause release of cytokines | Correct answer : A. Activate very large numbers of B cells Superantigens activate very large number of T cells. They are medium sized proteins which bind outside the antibody binding groove. They have high resistance to proteases. They cause release of cytokines resulting in massive proliferation of T lymphocytes. |
| Which of the following is an intermediate level disinfectant? A. Glutaraldehyde B. Quaternary ammonium compound C. Hydrogen peroxide D. Iodophors | Correct answer : D. Iodophors Intermediate level disinfectants are chemicals which can kill microbial pathogens including mycobacteria and non enveloped virus, but not the spores. Examples include alcohol, phenolic compounds and iodophors. Glutaraldehyde and hydrogen peroxide are high level disinfectants. Quaternary ammonium compounds are low level disinfectants. |
| The best culture medium for primary isolation of H. influenzae is? A. Chocolate agar B. Fildes’ agar C. Levinthal’s medium D. Nutrient agar | Correct answer : B. Fildes’ agar Fildes’ agar is made by adding peptic digest of blood to nutrient agar. It gives copious growth of H. influenzae and it is the best culture medium for the primary isolation of H. influenzae. The other media used for the isolation of H. influenzae are chocolate agar, blood agar, nutrient agar and Levinthal’s medium. |
| Which of the following is true regarding anthracoid bacilli? A. No growth in penicillin agar B. Growth inhibited by chloral hydrate C. Not susceptible to gamma phage D. No growth at 45 degree celsius | Correct answer: C. Not susceptible to gamma phage Anthracoid bacilli usually grow in penicillin agar. Their growth is not inhibited by chloral hydrate. They usually grow at 45 degree celsius. They are not susceptible to gamma phage. They are motile, non capsulated bacilli which grow in short chains. |
| Endemic relapsing fever is caused by all except? A. Borrelia duttonii B. Borrelia hermsii C. Borrelia parkeri D. Borrelia recurrentis | Correct answer : D. Borrelia recurrentis Endemic relapsing fever is caused by Borreliae which normally live in their natural host rodents, or in other mammals which the vector takes feed. Human infection is an accidental event. Borrelia recurrentis causes epidemic relapsing fever. It was first observed by Obermeyer in the blood of patients during an epidemic in Berlin. It is transmitted by body lice from person to person. It is also called louse borne relapsing fever. |
| Brazilian purpuric fever is caused by? A. Haemophilus haemolyticus B. Haemophilus aphrophilus C. Haemophilus aegyptius D. Haemophilus parainfluenzae | Correct answer : C. Haemophilus aegyptius Brazilian purpuric fever is caused by Haemophilus aegyptius. It is characterised by conjunctivitis which proceeds to fulminant septicemia in infants and children. There is high fatality. It was first recognized in Brazil in 1984. |
| Which of the following gastroenteritis viruses can spread by air? A. Sapovirus B. Rotavirus C. Norovirus D. Astrovirus | Correct answer : C. Norovirus Noroviruses are single stranded RNA viruses. They belong to the Caliciviridae family. They are responsible for 50% of the gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. It usually spread via faecal-oral route. But aerosols of the virus if inhaled, settle in the pharynx and is later swallowed. Researchers at the Université Laval, Québec, Canada have found out that the aerosolized virus preserved its infectivity and integrity during in vitro aerosol studies. |
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