Exam 2 - Terms | Karteikarten

Frage	Antworten
Chromatin	What chromosomes are made of
Histones	Proteins that make up the Chromatin
Sister Chromatids	Identical copies of DNA formed by the replication of said DNA
Centromere	Narrow middle connecting the Sister Chromatids
Centrosome	Specialized Organelle involved in the process of cell division
Mitotic Spindle	Made of spindle fibers, separates the duplicated chromosomes
Fibers	Individual spindle fibers, microtubular structure present in cells
Centriole	Anchors for the Spindle Fibers
Cleavage Furrow	Indentation in a cell as it begins to cleave/split into two cells
Cell Plate	Equivalent of a cleavage furrow in terrestrial plants; separates the daughter cells
Cytokinesis	cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, creating daughter cells
Homologous Chromosomes	Chromosomes that pair at meiosis; have the same structural features and pattern of genes
Chromosomes	Structure of nucleic acids and proteins that carry genetic information (genes)
Haploid	A single set of unpaired chromosomes; half the number of chromosomes
Diploid	Containing two complete sets of chromosomes; whole number of chromosomes, one from each parent
Crossing Over	Swapping of genetic material that occurs in the germ line; Allows the formation of gametes and unique genes
Random Assortment	the way chromosomes are organized in daughter cells; allows for unique genes
Karyotype	An individual's collection of chromosomes
Gametes	Sex cells; sperm or egg Also known as germ cells
Autosomes	Non-sex chromosomes; broad definition
Sex Chromosomes	Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual; X and Y chromosomes
Phenotype	Observable characteristics of an individual
Genotype	Genetic constitution of an organism; influences phenotypes
Gene	Basic unit of heredity; consists of nucleotides arranged in a linear manner; DNA
Allele	Different forms of a gene; Hair colors, eye colors, etc.
Homozygous	having two identical alleles of a particular gene; Punnett square thing, BB, bb
Heterozygous	Having two differing alleles of a particular gene; Punnett Square thing, Bb
True Breeding	A type of breeding in which the parent(s) with a particular phenotype produce only offspring with that same phenotype
Sex-Linked Inheritance	Traits inherited by the offspring that are linked to their sex chromosomes
Barr Body	A small structure in the cell nuclei of female mammals, containing an inactive X chromosome; When an X chromosome expresses only one gene
Hemizygous	An individual who has only one member of a chromosome pair rather than the usual two
Sex-Influenced Traits	Autosomal traits influenced by sex; If a male has one recessive, he will show, but a female requires two recessives
Multiple Alleles	Three or more alleles for a particular gene; the presence of multiple alleles (ABO blood type group)
Pleiotropy	One genotype impacts multiple phenotypes
Polygenic Inheritance	Multiple genotypes impact a single phenotype

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Exam 2 - Terms

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