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| Frage | Antworten |
| What is an independent variable? | The variable that is chosen to be changed |
| What is a dependent variable? | The variable that changes because of the independent variable |
| What is matter? | What makes up everything |
| What is an element? | A type of matter that can be used in solutions and mixtures and can't be broken down |
| An object can have both chemical and physical properties. Give an example of each type and describe the characteristic. | A water bottle is a solid, which is a chemical property, and, say it's blue, which is a physical property |
| What is an atom? | Tiny particles that make up everything in the universe |
| What do protons and neutrons have in common? | They are both in the nucleus of atoms and make up the weight of the atom |
| What do protons and electrons have in common? | They both have a positive charge |
| What do electrons and neutrons have in common? | They have opposite charges |
| What did Neils Bohr, Rutherford, and Mendeleev do? | They discovered things about atoms |
| Where are noble gasses located on the periodic table? | On the very right column of the periodic table |
| How would you know how many valence electrons an element has? | Depending on the column it is under on the periodic table. |
| What is the most reactive family of metals? What is the most reactive family of nonmetals? | Alkali metals, Reactive nonmetals |
| Describe the difference between a covalent and ionic bond. Name an example of each. | Ionic bonds are when an atom gives another atom one of its electrons to fill its valence shell. A covalent bond is when 2 atoms share electrons |
| What is the general term for substances that react in a chemical reaction? | Reactants |
| What substance is formed after a chemical reaction? | Product |
| Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called? | Periods |
| Vertical columns on the periodic table are called? | Families |
| Where are metals/nonmetals/metalloids located on the periodic table? | They are located in the middle of the periodic table |
| What is a metalloid? | An element with properties of a metal and properties of a nonmetal |
| What is the law of mass conservation? | The mass will not change when a chemical change occurs |
| Name the only liquid metal at room temperature | Mercury |
| How do you know an element's oxidation number? | It is the charge of its ion |
| What is an oxidation number? | The number of electrons an element gains or loses in an ionic bond |
| Why do you need to know an oxidation number? | You need to know the oxidation number to find out if the ionic bond is possible with however many atoms you’ll need. |
| Energy is needed to _______ bonds. | break |
| Energy is released when bonds are | broken |
| What is the difference between an exothermic and endothermic reaction? | Exothermic reactions release energy. Endothermic reactions absorb it. |
| How do bonds form? | When atoms share or give away electrons |
| Why do bonds form? | So atoms can be stable |
| What are the five general types of chemical reactions? Name each of the reactions that occur. | synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, and double replacement. |
| What is a thermometer? | Something that measures the thermal energy in something |
| How does a thermometer work? | Mercury rises to the temperature of the thing it is measuring |
| What is conduction? | When energy is absorbed into metal |
| What is a thermal conductor? | Something that allows heat to be transferred |
| What is an example of a good conductor? | A sheet of tinfoil |
| What is an insulator? | Something that can not absorb energy |
| What is an example of an insulator? | Wood |
| What is convection? | When heat is transferred by movement |
| What is an example of convection? | If water boils and creates steam |
| What is radiation? | The energy released by waves |
| What is an example of radiation? | The sun radiates energy by sending waves |
| What does it mean to be cold? About thermal energy content. | When the temperature for something is very low |
| What does it mean to be hot? | When the temperature for something is very high |
| Describe the transfer of thermal energy | It is transferred by conduction, convection, or radiation |
| What is the upper limit of temperature? | 142 nonillion Kelvin |
| What is the lower limit of temperature? (in Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin) | Absolute 0 |
| What is the phase change from a liquid to a gas? Give an example | Evaporation-when rain evaporates from a puddle into a cloud |
| What is the phase change from a gas to a liquid? Give an example | Condensation-when you boil water and the steam creates water on your microwave above the stove |
| What is the phase change from a solid directly to a gas? Give an example | Sublimation- Dry ice |
| What is the phase change from a liquid to a solid? Give an example | Freezing-you put an ice cube tray filled with water in a freezer, and the water turns to ice |
| What is the phase change from a solid to a liquid? Give an example | Melting- you leave a popsicle out on a sunny day, and it melts into a liquid |
| Is energy needed for states of matter to change phase? Why or why not? | It is needed because matter can not just change phases on it’s own, and it needs temperatures to be different for it |
| What is deposition? Give an example | When the liquid turns to gas without going through a solid |
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