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Chemistry AS level 2015 topic 1
Karten in diesem Stapel (47)
- 1what is the relative mass of an electron1/1840
- 2Define 'atomic mass'weighted mass of one mole of an atom divided by a 12th of that of a carbon 12 atom
- 3define 'isotopic mass'weighted mass of one mole of any isotope divided by mass of 12th of carbon 12 atom
- 4define 'first ionisation energy'energy needed to remove one electron from outer shell of an atom, creating a 1+ ion
- 5what influences ionisation energynumber of protons, electron, shells and shielding
- 6why is there an increase in ionisation energy across a periodmore electrons,more protons, so more shielding
- 7why is there an energy decrease down a groupmore electron shells, so further from nucleus and requires more pull
- 8what is afbuas principleelectrons enter the lowest energy orbital available
- 9what is the sub shell order1s2s2p3s3p4s3d4p4d
- 10how may electrons can each sub shell holds-2
p-6
d-10 - 11what are some uses for mass spectrometryforensic science, drug detection and carbon dating
- 12stage one of mass specionisation - bombarded with fast moving electrons, knocking some off, creating 1+ ions
- 13stage of mass specacceleration - negative plates attract ions, pulling them toward the electromagnet
- 14stage 3 of mass specdeflection - electromagnet field deflects ions around corner. [higher m/z - deflected less, needs more EM field strength]
- 15stage 5 of mass specdetection - computer analysis substances
- 16which molecules are diatonicHNOF-AT
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine,bromine,iodine, astatine - 17how to find abundance form heightuse ratio!
- 18how to find RAM from abundance(percentage * mass) + (percentage * mass)
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100 - 19what are the shapes of s and p orbitalss - sphere
p - dung-bell - 20what is a moleamount of substance containing 6.02*10(23) number of atoms,molecules or ions.
- 21what is metallic bondingelectrostatic force between sea of negative electrons and positive meta ions.
- 22what are the properties of metallic bondingdense, high melting/boiling points, conductive, malleable
- 23what is ionic bondingstrong electrostatic force where metal becomes positive, and non metal negative
- 24what are the properties from ionic bondingsolid, conduct in liquid and molten, strong, high melting/boiling points, soluble
- 25what is covalent bondingwhen outer orbitals donate electrons to the shared centre
- 26what are the properties from covalent bondingSIMPLE- low points
wont dissolve
wont conduct
GIANT- high points
wont dissolve
some conduct - 27rules for solublesSOLUBLE:
ammonium
sodium
potassium
nitrate
some chloride
some sulphate - 28rules for insolublesINSOLUBLES:
some lead
some silver
some carbonates
some hydroxides - 29how to test for all the gassescarbon dioxide: limewater milky
oxygen: relights splint
hydrogen: splint goes 'pop'
chlorine: pale green gas, turns litmus white
ammonia: turns litmus paper blue - 30flame testslittle children stand yelling potatoes potatoes come read bible of god
lithium crimson sodium yellow potassium purple calcium red barium green - 31precipitates with sodium hydroxidealuminium - white
magnesium- white
copper - blue
iron ll - dark green
iron lll - rusty brown - 32precipitate with nitric acid and silver nitratechloride - white
bromide - cream
iodide - yellow - 33with dilute acidhydrogen carbonate,and carbonates, produce bubbles of CO2
- 34litmus paper with acid and alkaliacid - red
alkali - blue - 35what is combustionbetween fuel and oxygen
COMPLETE: makes carbon dioxide + water
INCOMPLETE: makes carbon monoxide - 36what is dissplacementelement displaces lower reactive element - between metals and haogens
- 37what is neutralisation:reaction between acid and base - forms a salt (hydroxide), and water
- 38what is precipitationreaction that produces a precipitate (solid )
- 39what is OILRIGoxidation is loss (of electrons)
reduction is gain (of electrons) - 40adid + metal -salt +hydrogen
- 41acid+ alkali -salt + water
- 42acid + metal carbonate -salt + water + carbon dioxide
- 43what is molar massmass of one mole
- 44what is molar volumevolume occupied by one mole
(24dm or 24000cm) - 45what are the 3 mole equations moles = ...mass/molar mass
volume of gas/molar volume
concentration*volume/1000
(only if not already in dm, and in cm instead) - 46steps to work out empirical formula1. work out mass of each
2. do mass/RAM for each
3. put into ratio
4. scale down - 47steps to work out molecular formula1. work out mass of each
2. do mass/RAM
3. multiply by RAM
4. scale down
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- Beschreibung
- flashcards with brief points on chemistry topic 1 AS level for 2015/16 exams. hope it helps,more to come!
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- Talya Hambling
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