AAP PREP Deck

Frage	Antworten
Fetus of this mother at risk for? Image: Q8 (image/jpeg)	Maternal Parvovirus B19 (erythema infectiosum) infection poses risk of fetal hydrops, pleural or pericardial effusions, anemia, IUGR, demise. Mother likely experienced this lacy rash and arthralgias
CNS calcifications and chorioretinitis associated with which TORCH infections?	CMV, Toxoplasmosis
Hearing loss is associated with which TORCH infections?	CMV, Rubella
MEN 2B Features	Marfanoid habitus (long extremities, pes planus, joint hypermobility), neuromas of tongue, mouth, GI tract (which can cause alternating constipation and diarrhea), full lips, alacrima. At risk for medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma. RET gene is autosomal dominant.
MEN 2A Features	Parathryoid hyperplasia, medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma. RET gene is autosomal dominant.
MEN 1 Features	Pituitary adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, pancreatic cancers
With which syndrome are these lesions found? Image: Q7 A (image/jpeg)	GI and mucosa neuromas of MEN 2B
Prolonged usage of guaifenesin can have which adverse effect?	Image: C5 (binary/octet-stream)
Bismuth salicylate in varicella infection can result in which reaction?	Salicylate content can trigger Reyes Syndrome. Also bismuth may discolor stools as black and be mistaken as melena.
Recurrent painless hematuria, azotemia, proteinuria, and hypertension in a child is suggestive of which condition?	IgA nephritis. Diagnosis made by renal biopsy with immunofluorescence staining of IgA in glomerular mesangial cells. Treated with glucocorticoids.
Complement C3 and C4 levels in: - SLE nephritis - Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis - IgA nephritis	Both low in SLE; Both normal in IgA nephritis; C3 low but C4 normal in PSGN (+ASO titers)
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis is most frequently associated with which infection in children?	Adenovirus
Early-onset sepsis in fetuses/neonates is most strongly associated with which independent risk factor?	Preterm delivery
Shwachman-(Bodian-)Diamond syndrome (SBDS) has which features?	Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency --> steatorrhea, various cytopenias, metaphysis chondrodysplasia --> short stature, facial, thoracic, dental abnormalities. Neutropenia increases risk for infections; increased risk of MDS, AML (7%) Defect of SBD gene on Chromosome 7
Independent risk factors for MRSA infection?	- Skin trauma - Frequent exposure to antibiotics - Chronic disease, recent surgery or hospitalization, residence in a long-term care facility, indwelling medical device - Crowded living conditions, poor hygiene, sharing of potentially contaminated items such as razors or towels - History of abscesses or other skin infections in patient or household contact - History of MRSA infection in the patient or household contact - Household contact with identified risk factor (healthcare worker)
Boy in early puberty active in sports with bilateral knee pain and swelling?	Osgood-Schlatter disease is an overuse syndrome that occurs with repetitive traction of the patellar tendon on the open apophysis of the tibial tuberosity. Needs 2-3 months per year away from organized sport/exercise
Same pathophysiology as Osgood-Schlatter Disease is associated with which other conditions?	achilles insertion on the calcaneus (Sever disease); peroneus brevis insertion on the 5th metatarsal (Iselin disease); and flexor/pronator tendon origin on the medial epicondyle of the humerus (Youth baseball-related elbow injury, also known as “little league elbow”)
Turner Syndrome is most commonly associated with which cardiac defects?	Patients with TS are known to have an increased incidence of left-sided cardiac lesions consisting of bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta. Other vascular anomalies that have been noted in TS include anomalous pulmonary venous connection and persistent left superior vena cava as well as aortic dissection
First line hearing aid for infant of 4 months?	1st behind the ear 2nd cochlear (only after 1 year) 3rd brainstem implant bone-anchored only after 5 years
At what age should a patient with Turner Syndrome start screening for primary ovarian failure?	Starting at 11 years if no signs of puberty, GnRH, LH, FSH, estrogen, etc.
Age ranges for early, middle, late adolescence?	10-13, 14-17, 18-21
What is unnecessary in cases where RSV bronchiolitis is the primary differential diagnosis	CXR, antibiotics
First line evaluation for new onset seizure with no clear trigger (fever, illness, drugs, etc.)	EEG
How should strength training be done in prepubescent children?	Free weights, as opposed to weight machines. Higher intensity or volume can be acceptable with appropriate supervision
chubby cheeks, a short nose, and a relatively small chin may be consistent with	Glycogen storage disease such as von Gierke (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency). Will have hypoglycemia, ketosis, hepatomegaly, typically present at 3-4 months
Hyperammonemia along with neonatal lethargy, vomiting, coma, strokes, and, if unrecognized, death seen in which class of metabolic disorders?	amino acid, organic acid, and urea cycle disorders
Nonketotic hypoglycemia, seizures, rhabdomyolysis, cardiomyopathy, liver dysfunction, and sudden infant death seen in which metabolic disorders?	Defects in oxidation of fatty acids
Nonspecific lactic acidosis and concurrent organ-specific findings such as strokes, seizures, cardiac conduction abnormalities, hypotonia, or weakness seen in which class of metabolic disorders?	Mitochondrial disorders
Early Lyme disease can be treated with which oral antibiotics?	Doxycycline, amox/clav, just amox, cefuroxime, azithro
Once a Lyme disease patient has complete heart block and is hospitalized, which antibiotic is appropriate?	Ceftriaxone
Doxycycline can be safely given after which age?	9 years or older
AAP position on infant walkers?	NO in all circumstances
What is a monophonic wheeze?	Single pitch, likely tracheal or single mainstem bronchus obstruction. Consider vascular ring
Differences between Trisomy 13, 18, 21?	Image: C16 (binary/octet-stream)
What can be added to a regimen of Vancomycin after MRSA infection of a prosthetic valve or joint is identified if it cannot be removed?	Rifampin & Gentamicin
Gross motor, fine motor, self-help, problem solving, social, emotional, and language milestones for a 3 year old?	Image: C18 (binary/octet-stream)
Neonates need to meet which criteria to be discharged prior to 48 hours?	gestational age 37 0/7-41 6/7 weeks Normal physical examination findings, including vital signs for 12 hours before discharge: Temperature 36.5°C to 37.4°C while lying in an open crib Respiratory rate less than 60 breaths/min without any increased work of breathing Heart rate 100 to 190 beats/min while awake and more than 70 beats/min while asleep, with normal circulation and appropriate response to stimuli One stool and normal urination Two feedings with good latch and suck/swallow pattern, with one feeding observed No excessive bleeding for 2 hours after a circumcision Appropriate treatment plan for hyperbilirubinemia, if present; negative result on Coombs test Reassuring sepsis work-up if risk factors are identified Normal maternal laboratory findings, including negative results for syphilis, hepatitis B surface antigen, and human immunodeficiency virus Receipt of intramuscular vitamin K
First line treatment for AIHA in teenager without evidence of end organ damage?	2mg/kg IV glucocorticoid (e.g. methylprednisolone)

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	Erstellt von Lawrence Chen vor 12 Monate