Reformation key terms

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Some key terms to revise for essay and quiz on Martin Luther and the Reformation
Sarah Egan
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Sarah Egan
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Reformation Split in the Catholic Church and establishment of Protestantism in the 16th Century
Martin Luther German priest and theologian who was a key figure in the Protestant Reformation b.10 November 1483 d.18 February 1546
Abuses of the Catholic Church (5) nepotism simony absenteeism pluralism sale of indulgences
Nepotism Giving jobs in the Church to your relatives
Simony Selling jobs to people (i.e. taking money for giving them the job)
Absenteeism Bishops' habit of not visiting the diocese they were supposedly responsible for (i.e. being absent)
Pluralism Bishops having multiple (i.e. plural) positions at the same time
Sale of indulgences The Church took money to allow a person to commit more sins (i.e. indulge them), or to reduce the time they would spend in purgatory
95 Theses The list of demands to reform the Church Martin Luther nailed to the door of the church at Wittenberg (November 5th 1517)
Exsurge Domine The letter (papal bull) sent by Pope Leo X condemning Martin Luther in 1520. Luther burned it
Diet of Worms Meeting called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V to discuss the Martin Luther situation.
Edict of Worms Declaration that Martin Luther was a heretic (May 25th 1521)
Transubstantiation Belief that at communion bread and wine are completely converted to the body and blood of Christ (Catholic belief) (opposite of consubstantiation)
Consubstantiation Belief that both bread and wine and the body and blood of Christ are present at Communion (Luther's/ Protestant belief) (opposite of transubstantiation)
Source of religious knowledge for Luther The bible (not the bishops or Pope)
Number of sacraments for Luther 2 - Baptism and Communion (7 for Catholic Church)
Justification by faith alone (Sola Fide) Luther's belief that God forgives sinners because of their faith, not 'works'
Vernacular Local language - Luther thought that church services should be conducted and scripture should be printed in the vernacular instead of Latin (e.g. English in England, German in Germany)
Peace of Augsburg Settlement between HRE Charles V and Lutheran (Protestant) princes, following 9 years of war September 25th 1955
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