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| Frage | Antworten |
| Bioenergtics: The study ~ | The study of the flow and transformation of energy in and between living organisms and between living organisms and their environment |
| Application of the main laws of Bioenergetics in Bio-Systems: First Law Amount of Energy Total Energy | First Law of Thermodynamics; Energy can not be created nor destroyed but only converted to other forms. This means the amount of energy in the universe is constant. The Total Energy of any system, including its surroundings, will remain constant. |
| Application of the main laws of Bioenergetics in Bio-Systems: Second Law ?At Equilibrium | Second Law of Thermodynamics: Total entropy of a system must increase if a process is to occur spontaneously. At equilibrium – the entropy is maximal and the system is at its most stable state. |
| Define Entropy | It is a quantitative expression for the randomness or disorder in the system. There is always an increase in entropy or gain of entropy of the overall system in any reaction, i.e ∆S is always positive |
| If a process in a system runs without changing the volume (which means at constant temperature and pressure) = | The changes of the ENTROPY (∆S) is accompanied by changes in HEAT and changes in the energy, that CAN BE USED OR WORK. |
| Define ENTHALPY (∆Н) | The quantity of the HEAT change is called ENTHALPY (∆Н) Represents the heat content of the reacting systems. |
| Define Gibb's Free Energy (∆G) | It is an amount of energy capable of doing work during a reaction at constant temperature and pressure. |
| The equation, which combines the two laws of thermodynamics and all those three quantities: ENTROPY, ENTHALPY, FREE ENERGY | ∆G = ∆Н - T∆ S ∆G and ∆Н are measured in J/mol or kcal/mol |
| Define Exergonic | When ∆G < 0 |
| Define Endergonic | When ∆G > 0 |
| Define Exothermic | When ∆Н <0 |
| Define Endothermic | When ∆Н >0 |
| The free energy change (∆G) of a reaction determines = And when is it = | its spontaneity A reaction is spontaneous if ∆G is negative (if the free energy of products is less than that of reactants). |
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