Key terms for Urban Environments

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Land use	The management and modification of natural environment.
Urbanisation	The increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities.
Rural-Urban migration	The movement of people from rural areas, such as the savannah or a countryside, to urban areas, such as a city or town.
Rural-Urban fringe	An area that is between rural and urban.
Megacity	A city with a population of more than 10 million.
Population distribution	How evenly or unevenly people are spread out.
Population density	The amount of people in a given area.
MEDC/LEDC	More Economically Developed Country/ Less Economically Developed Country
Adult literacy rate	The percentage of people over the age of 15 who can read and write.
Employment rate	The percentage of the labour force that is employed.
Death rate	The ratio of deaths to the population of a particular area or during a particular period of time (deaths per 1000 per year)
Shifting cultivation	A form of agriculture in which an area of ground is cleared of vegetation and cultivated for a few years then abandoned for a new area until its fertility has been naturally restored.
Soft flood management	Local councils set up evacuation plans and information leaflets on what to do when there is a flood.
Hard flood management	Some areas have widened and deepened the rivers and dams to control the flow of water (any way to control the flood, E.g. dams).
Land use planning	Local councils set up rules and regulations to reduce the amount of building on flood plains.
River corridors	Large open areas next to a river designed to cope with flood water have been increased in urban areas.
Deprivation	Where a person's quality of life falls below a level that is regarded as an acceptable minimum by the government.
Life expectancy	Average number of years a person may expect to live at the time of birth.
Vandalism	Intentional damage of property.
Deprived areas	Places where economic, social and environmental conditions are very poor.
Squatter settlements (Shanty towns, Slums)	Settlements that are built illegally in and around the city who can't afford proper housing.
Water stress	When not all people have access to clean water.
Urban	A town or city.
Rural	The countryside.
Traffic	Vehicles that are on roads.
Social	Relating to humans or society.
Environment	The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.
Economic	Relating to economics or economy, related to money.
Sustainable	Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level.
Migration	Movement of one part of an area to another.
Favela	A shanty town in or near a city.
Natural increase	The difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year, divided by the population of that year, multiplied by a factor (usually 1,000). It is equal to the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate.
Birth rate	The number of live births per thousand of population per year.
Over-Population	Excessive population of an area to the point of overcrowding, depletion of natural resources, or environmental deterioration.

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Key terms for Urban Environments

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