Anatomy

Frage	Antworten
What makes up the sulcus tarsi?	Sulcus calcanei and sulcus tali
What does the sub-talar ligament hold together and where is it found?	calcaneum and talus. Found in sulcus tarsi.
Where is the spring ligament found?	Tuberosity of navicular and sustentacular tali
Where is the short plantar ligament found?	calcaneum to cuboid
Where is the long plantar ligament found?	calcaneal tubercles to beyond peroneal groove and has branches which connect to the 2nd, 3rd and 4th mets.
Which ligaments make up the deltoid ligament? (4)	anterior tibiotalar ligament, tibiocalcaneal ligament, posterior tibiotalar ligament and the tibionavicular ligament.
Which ligaments make up the lateral side of the ankle?	Anterior talofibular. Posterior talofibular. Calcaneofibular
Which bones make up the midtarsal joint?	Navicular, cuboid, talus and calcaneum.
Which bones make up the ankle joint?	tibia and talus
Which bones make up the sub-talar joint?	Talus and calcaneum.
Bifurcate ligament?	Y shaped, splits into two. Holds the calcaneum with the navicular and cuboid.
At which joints in the foot is it possible to demonstrate inversion?	sub-talar and mid-tarsal
Movement in knee?	Extension and Flexion
Movement in ankle?	Extension and flexsion
Subtalar movement?	inversion and eversion
Mid tarsal joint movement?	inversion and eversion?
Tarso-metatarsal joint movement?	Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
Lesser MTP joints?	Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion, Abduction and Adduction
1st MTP JOINT	Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion, Abduction and Adduction
Proximal IP JOINT	Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
Distal IP joint	Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
What muscles make up the first layer of muscle?	Flexor digitorum Brevis Abductor Hallucis Abductor digit minimi
Origins of the muscles in the first layer?	Flexor D Brevis - Calcaneum tuberosities Abductor hallucis calcaneum too Abductor digiti minimi - calcaneum
Insertions of the first layer of muscle?	FDB - Middle phalanx of 234 and5 AH - Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of hallux ADM - Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe.
Movements of muscles in the first layer.	FDB - flexsion of four toes AH - Abduct and flex big toe ADM - Abduct and flex little toe
2nd layer of muscles (and tendons)	Quadratis plantae (Flexor accessories) Lumbricals Flexor digitorium longus Flexor hallucis longus
Origins of muscles from the 2nd layer	QP - calcaneum Lum- FDL tendon
Insertions of muscles in the 2nd layer	QP - FDL Lumbricals - SPLITS INTO 2 - dorsal expansion medial side and base of proximal phalanx.
Movement of 2nd layer of muscle	QP - assist the FDL in flexion Lumbricals - flexion of MPJ and extension of IPJ.
3rd layer of muscle	Flexor hallucis brevis Flexor digiti minimi brevis Adductor Hallucis (Transverse and Oblique heads)
Origins of 3rd layer of muscle	FHB - Cuboid FDMB - base of 5th met head AH (transverse) - ,3,4 and 5 mpj joint capsules AH - (oblique) - 2,3,4 base of mets
Insertions of the 3rd group of muscles	FHB - base of proximal phalanx - splits in two FDMB - lateral base of 5th toe Adductor Hallucis (transverse head) - 3,4,5 of MPJ JOINT CAPSULE. OBLIQUE HEAD - base of 2,3,4 mets
Movements of muscles in the 3rd layer	FHB - flexion of 1st MPJ FDMB - flexion of 5th MPJ AH - adducts 1 MPJ
4th layer of muscles	Plantar interossei - 3 muscles Dorsal interossei - 4 muscles
Origin of 4th layer	Plantar interossei - Bases and medial sides of mets 3-5. Dorsal interossei - Adjacent sides of mets 1 - 5.
Insertions of 4th layer	Planter I - medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of toes 3 - 5. Dorsal I - medial side of proximal phalanx of second toe. Second to fourth toes - lateral sides of toes 2 to 4.
Movements of the 4th layer	Plantar - adducts toes 2-4 and flexes MPJ. Dorsal - abducts toes 2-4 and flexes MPJ
Muscles on the dorsum	Extensor hallucis brevis Extensor digitorum brevis
Origins of Dorsal side muscles	EDB AND EHB- Upper lateral side of calcaneum
iNSERTION OF DORSAL MUSCLES	EDB - 2,3,4 proximal phalanx EHB - Hallux (proximal)
Action of muscles dorsal side	Extension of MPJ

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