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| Frage | Antworten |
| hindsight bias | "knew it all effect"; is the inclination after the event has occurred to see the event as having been predictable, despite there having been little or no objective basis for predicting it |
| overconfidence | when someone has more confidence than what one should have based on the situation and they misjudge their ability or opinion |
| scientific method | a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypothesis |
| hypothesis | a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for futher investigation |
| operational definitions aka operation definition | where intuitive concepts such as intelligence need to be operationally defined before they become amenable to scientific investigation, for example, through processes such as IQ tests |
| case study | refers to the use of descriptive research approach to obtain an in depth analysis of a person, group, or phenomenon; a variety of techniques may be employed including personal interviews, direct observation, psychometric tests, and archival records |
| survey | used to assess people's thoughts, feelings, and opinions; can be specific and limited in scope or more global in their goals |
| naturalistic observation | refers to the collection of data without manipulation of the environment; the goal of this is to study the behavior of an organism ( including a human) in natural settings |
| correlation | ''means association", more precisely it is to measure of the extent in which to variables are related ; if an increase in one variable tends to be associated with an increase in another it is known as this |
| correlational coefficient | can be calculated when there are two ( or more) sets of scores for the same individuals in matched groups; this describes direction ( positive or negative) and degree ( strength) of the relationship between two variables |
| scatterplot | graph that is used to plot the data points of two variables |
| illusory correlation | the phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between variables ( typically people, events, or behaviors) even when no such relationship exists |
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