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| Frage | Antworten |
| What does para-focal mean? | It means that the microscope stays in focus when you switch to a higher or lower power. The microscopes we use in the lab are not very parafocal |
| What are the three major branches of Domains? | Archaea, Bacteria, and eukaraya |
| Describe Archean organisms. | archaea, derived from the Greek word archaios meaning primitive are best known for living in extreme environments. The are single cell organisms that do not have membrane bound organelles. |
| How are Archaea difference from bacteria? | Archaea have different kings or RNA polymerase compared to bacteria, the don't have a peptidoglycan layer around their membrane, and they usually live in more extreme environments. |
| What are extreme halophiles? | archaea that live in environments with extremely high salt content. some have a purple pigment that allows them to perform photosynthesis |
| What are extreme thermophiles? | archaea that live in either very high, very low temperatures, or highly acidic environments. |
| What are Methanogens? | Archaea that are strict anaerobes that live in envirnmnets without oxygen. These organisms use carbon as an electron acceptor instead of oxygen in their electron transport chains. The produce methane gas and are often found in places like swamps, sewage ponds, and animal digestive systems. |
| What is it difficult to classify archaea? | they are difficult to culture so samples have to be made using a polymerase chain reaction similar to ones used in DNA forensics. This allows for genetic study but doesn't help us study what environments they prefer or what food they eat. |
| How archaea different from traditional species? | they reproduce through binary fission where the cells simply divide, creating clones. sometimes change can happen through mutation, genetic transfer, and lateral gene transfer |
| how do you calibrate a microscope? | use a special slide with units marked in to and look at it through the 10, 40, and 100 times lense. line up the scale of the slide and the scale in the eye piece and compare the two. see how the 100 units in the eye piece compared to the slide scale e.g. 4x = 100 eye piece units = 95 slide units |
| how do you calculate um from slide and lense units? | (slide units x 0.01) / (eyepiece units) x 1000 |
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