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Karteikarten von Megan Lawson, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Megan Lawson
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| Frage | Antworten |
| core phonological processing deficit theory - but individual variation in ability to store & retrieve different types of written & spoken info across dyslexics .. so .. not homogeneous disorder! | different subtypes proposed depending on cog difficulties |
| double deficit hypothesis - wolf & bowers, 1999 | neuropsychological subtypes |
| core phonological processing deficit - difficulty in processing small units of sound - snowling, 1995 - inhibits development of letter-sound mappings that are required for reading novel words | - fawcett & nicholson, 1994 - "dyslexic children have an impairment in the ability to detect & process speech sounds" x - castles & coltheart, 2004 - argue that corr. has been taken to imply causality - could be that poor phonological awareness is a result of poor reading ability |
| double-deficit hypothesis - wolf & bowers, 1999 - dyslexic symptoms include not only a deficit in phonological processing (accuracy) but also a deficit in central processing speed (fluency) | - fawcett & nicholson, 2007 - possibly implicates the cerebellum - assessed using: -tasks of phonological awareness accuracy (phoneme deletion/blending) -rapid automised naming (RAN) task |
| + for d-d hypoth - sirling & miles, 1988 - dyslexics tend to speak slower than non-dyslexics - felton, 1990 - rapid naming is a persistent problem for many dyslexics | + ... & predicts an additive effect on reading: - ho, 2002 - double deficit in phonological awareness & naming speed should result in worse performance than a single deficit |
| developmental phonological dyslexia - temple & marshall, 1983 - 17y/o f - HM - avrg. verbal intelligence - unexpectedly low reading age of 10y11m - v. poor at reading nonwords - good at reading aloud words - sublexical route poorly developed - snowling & hulme, 1989 - often associated with underlying deficit in phonological awareness | developmental surface dyslexia - coltheart, 1983 - 17y/o f - CD - reading age of 11yrs - good regular & poor irregular word reading - good nonword reading for 3 letter strings - particular difficulties reading via the lexical route - possibly due to deficits to naming & visual mem. |
| discrete subtypes vs continuum - castles & coltheart, 1993 - discrete - ellis, 1996 - continuum | - serniclaes, 2003 - reading dvlpmnt delayed in surfact dyslexia, but disordered in phonological dyslexia - zadina, 2006 - only phonological dyslexics appear to have atypical patterns of brain asymmetry compared to controls -> implications for diagnosis and interventions |
| developmental deep dyslexia - start & howard, 1995 - 13y/o f - KJ - below avrg intelligence - reading age of 6y2m - semantic/vis/morphological errors - underlying semantic deficit | devel deep dyslexia: right hemisphere hypothesis - coltheart, 1980 - damage to LH - symptoms reflect characteristics of RH processes - recruited to compensate for widespread damage to LH processes involves in normal reading - coltheart, 2000 - fMRI - RH hyperactivation when compared with controls |
| RH hypoth - pitchford & morgan, 2007 - 29y/o f - JPJ - history of difficulties with learning to read - good receptive & expressive vocab - poor auditory-verbal mem & poor nonword repetition & reading - fMRI - RH hyperactivation during imageable word & nonword reading - indicates strategic use of RH mem. systems in order to compensate for the lack of phonological processing | ... |
| dual route theory - forster & chambers, 1973; baron, 1977 | - pronunciation of letter strings involves 2 routes/mechanisms 1. lexical - exception words 2. sub-lexical - regular words & nonwords -surface dyslexia - route 1 problems - coltheart, 1987 |
| grain size theory - ziegler & goswami, 2006 | - main task for children is to find shared grain sizes in the orthography & phonology of their language - "key difficulty for readers who have dyslexia is in the establishment of efficient processing at small grain size" |
| - paulesu, 2001 - dyslexia has universal basis in the brain - siok, 2004 - impaired chinese readers showed reduced activation of large neural circuits - so.. maybe phonological deficits aren't universal cause of dyslexia at a biological level | processing of 1st & 2nd lang occur in similar brain regions - stowe, 2006 bilingualism - wydell & butterworth, 1999 - case study - 16y/o AS - english/japanese bl - dyslexic only in english - japanese reading similar to undergrad students x - but.. didn't measure non-word reading in Japanese also .. - 2/3 of sample who were poor readers in chinese were not the poorest readers in english |
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