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| Frage | Antworten |
| The Universe | The science that studies the origin and evolution of Universe is astronomy, The Universe or Cosmos is defined as everything that exists. |
| The Big Bang theory | There was a huge explosion and this is the origin of everything that exits. |
| The theory of inflation | Time 0: Big Bang The first second: After inflation, the universe expanded rapidly and created the particles that compose atoms: electrons, protons and neutrons. |
| The position of the Earth in the Universe | - Geocentric model: - The Earth is spherical and is the centre of the Universe. * The sun, the moon and the planets revolve in concentric circles around the Earth - The stars are fixed on a dome * Heliocentric model: -The Sun does not move and is in the centre of the Universe. - All the planets revolve around the Sun in concentric circles. - The Earth rotates on its axis and the Moon revolves around the Earth. - The stars are fixed on a dome that does not move. |
| Distances in the universe Light year | A light year is equivalent to the distance travelled by light in one year. Light travels at a speed of 300000 km per second. 9.5 billion kms |
| Parsec | A parsec (pc) is equivalent to 3.26 light years. |
| Astronomical unit | An astronomical unit is the distance between the earth and the sun. 1500000000 kms |
| Galaxies | Galaxies are huge groups of stars, nebulae and interstellar dust and gas held together by the force of gravity. Group together forming clusters. |
| Nebulae | Nebulae are huge clouds of gas. Concentration of hydrogen, hellium and interestellar dust. |
| The Milky Way | The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy, located in a galaxy cluster called Local Group, together with other galaxies such as the Andromeda Galaxy and the Magallanic Clouds |
| Constellations | Stars in the Milky Way are grouped in different imaginary shapes called constellations. |
| Stars | Stars are large spheres of gas spheres made mostly of hydrogen and hellium. Stars release energy in the form of light and heat. |
| The Solar System | The solar system consists of the Sun and the celestial bodies that orbit it. |
| The Sun | The Sun rotates in its axis in an anticlockwise direction. One rotation takes 28 days. - Inner layers: Heaviest materials. Core. - Outer layers: lightest materials. Photosphere. |
| The structure of the Solar System | - Dwarf planets - Asteroid belt - Comets - Planets - Satellites |
| The movements of the planets | - Revolution is the movement of the planets around the sun. A year. - Rotation is the movement a body makes on its own axis. A day. |
| Planets in the Solar System | |
| Inner planets | Small, have very little or no atmosphere and have a rocky surface. |
| Outer planets | Very large and have a gaseous atmosphere. Sourrounded by rings and their surface is in a gaseous or liquid state. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune |
| The Earth movements The Earth's revolution | The Earth moves around the sun in an eliptical orbit. 365 days, 5 hours and 49 minutes. Every 4 years a leap year. |
| The Earth's seasons | Spring, summer, autumn and winter Solstices:Difference between the lenght of night and day is the biggest. Equinoxes: Spring and autumn. Day and night have the same lenght. |
| The Earth's rotation | The Earth takes 23 hours and 56 minutes to complete one rotation on its axis. Causes day and night. |
| Time zones | Starting from the Greenwich meridian an hour is added for each time zone |
| The importance of the Earth's movements for the living things | Living things adapt to their environment: - Many trees lose thir leaves in autumn and sprout new leaves in spring. - Flowering and forming of fruits - Mating and breeding seasons - Migration |
| The Sun, Earth and Moon | The Moon is a satellite |
| The phases of the Moon | The phases of the moon are the different images of the Moon we can see as it moves aroud the Earth. New moon, first quarter, full moon and last quarter. |
| Eclipses | An eclipse occurs when a body comes between two others, so that one is hidden from the other. Total or parcial. |
| Tides | Tides are the periodic rising and falling of sea levels due to the gravitational pull of the Moon. |
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